1 00:00:08,040 --> 00:00:11,780 >>> I GUARANTEE YOU THAT AT SOME POINT, EVERYTHING IS GOING TO GO 2 00:00:11,780 --> 00:00:13,040 SOUTH ON YOU. 3 00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:17,450 YOU'RE GOING TO SAY THIS IS IT. 4 00:00:17,450 --> 00:00:22,109 THIS IS HOW I END. 5 00:00:22,109 --> 00:00:24,390 >> MORTON'S DEAD. 6 00:00:24,390 --> 00:00:28,950 >> WE HAVE TO GO. 7 00:00:28,950 --> 00:00:35,090 NOW YOU CAN EITHER ACCEPT THAT OR YOU CAN GET TO WORK. 8 00:00:35,090 --> 00:00:38,590 THIS WILL COME AS QUITE A SHOCK TO MY CREW MATES. 9 00:00:38,590 --> 00:00:41,010 AND TO NASA. 10 00:00:41,010 --> 00:00:48,270 AND TO THE ENTIRE WORLD, BUT I'M STILL ALIVE. 11 00:00:48,270 --> 00:00:49,270 SURPRISE. 12 00:00:49,270 --> 00:00:51,490 HERE'S THE RUB. 13 00:00:51,490 --> 00:00:55,510 IT WILL BE FOUR YEARS FOR ANOTHER MISSION TO REACH ME. 14 00:00:55,510 --> 00:01:00,140 AND I'M GOING TO HAVE TO HAVE DESIGNED THE LAST 31 DAYS. 15 00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:03,960 SO I HAVE TO MAKE WATER AND GROW FOOD ON A PLANET WHERE NOTHING 16 00:01:03,960 --> 00:01:04,960 GROWS. 17 00:01:04,960 --> 00:01:07,090 BUT IF I CAN FIGURE OUT A WAY TO MAKE CONTACT WITH NASA, THEN 18 00:01:07,090 --> 00:01:09,979 NONE OF THIS MATTERS ANYWAY. 19 00:01:09,979 --> 00:01:11,630 >> INCOMING MESSAGE. 20 00:01:11,630 --> 00:01:17,799 >> MARK WATNEY IS STILL ALIVE. 21 00:01:17,799 --> 00:01:22,560 >> IN YOUR FACE, NEIL ARMSTRONG. 22 00:01:22,560 --> 00:01:23,560 >> SO LET'S DO THE MATH. 23 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:25,540 I HAVE ENOUGH FOOD TO LAST FOR 50 DAYS. 24 00:01:25,540 --> 00:01:29,049 >> HE'S GOING TO STARVE TO DEATH. 25 00:01:29,049 --> 00:01:33,970 >> SO I HAVE TO [ BLEEP ] THE SCIENCE. 26 00:01:33,970 --> 00:01:36,070 >> HE'S 50 MILES AWAY FROM HOME. 27 00:01:36,070 --> 00:01:37,119 HE'S TOTALLY ALONE. 28 00:01:37,119 --> 00:01:40,970 >> I'M THE GREATEST BOTANIST ON THIS PLANET. 29 00:01:40,970 --> 00:01:44,030 >> BUT WE NEED THE HERMES CREW. 30 00:01:44,030 --> 00:01:47,830 >> WE HAVE A HIGH CHANCE OF KILLING ONE OR SIX. 31 00:01:47,830 --> 00:01:49,900 >> I'M NOT RISKING OUR LIVES. 32 00:01:49,900 --> 00:01:50,900 IT'S BIGGER THAN ONE PERSON. 33 00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:51,900 >> NO. 34 00:01:51,900 --> 00:01:52,900 IT'S NOT. 35 00:01:52,900 --> 00:01:53,900 >> NASA REJECTED THE MISSION. 36 00:01:53,900 --> 00:01:56,240 >> IF WE DO THIS -- >> WE'RE TALKING MUTINY. 37 00:01:56,240 --> 00:01:59,560 ANYTHING GOES WRONG WE DIE. 38 00:01:59,560 --> 00:02:00,560 >> DO YOU REALIZE HOW CRAZY THIS IS? 39 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:01,560 >> WE HAVE NO OTHER OPTIONS. 40 00:02:01,560 --> 00:02:02,560 >> NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENS, TELL THE WORLD, TELL MY FAMILY THAT I 41 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:42,310 NEVER STOPPED FIGHTING TO MAKE IT HOME. 42 00:02:42,310 --> 00:02:49,379 [ APPLAUSE ] >> I'M SITTING HERE POUNDING ON 43 00:02:49,379 --> 00:02:51,219 THE PODIUM SO THAT'S WHAT YOU HEAR. 44 00:02:51,219 --> 00:02:54,629 IT'S NOT A BAND IN THE BACKGROUND. 45 00:02:54,629 --> 00:02:57,269 IT'S AN INCREDIBLE PLEASURE FOR ME TO BE HERE. 46 00:02:57,269 --> 00:02:58,870 AND TO GREET ALL OF YOU. 47 00:02:58,870 --> 00:03:02,420 AND I HOPE -- HOPEFULLY, YOU ALL FEEL THE EXCITEMENT ABOUT NASA'S 48 00:03:02,420 --> 00:03:03,859 JOURNEY TO MARS LIKE I DO. 49 00:03:03,859 --> 00:03:09,099 I WANT TO THANK ANDY WEIR FOR THE STORY OF "THE MARTIAN" THAT 50 00:03:09,099 --> 00:03:12,739 STARTED ALL THIS STUFF AND HIS DEDICATION TO GETTING IT RIGHT. 51 00:03:12,739 --> 00:03:17,060 IT TO THANK OUR FRIENDS AT 21st CENTURY FOX FOR ALSO WANTING TO 52 00:03:17,060 --> 00:03:23,829 GET IT RIGHT AND FOR RECOGNIZING WHAT THE GREAT OPPORTUNITY WE 53 00:03:23,829 --> 00:03:27,870 HAVE WITH THE OPENING OF THIS FILM TO TALK ABOUT OUR REAL LIVE 54 00:03:27,870 --> 00:03:30,560 JOURNEY TO MARS UNFOLDING RIGHT NOW. 55 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:31,560 TODAY. 56 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:35,069 IN SO MANY PLACES AND SO MANY WAYS ACROSS NASA. 57 00:03:35,069 --> 00:03:37,169 IT'S IMPORTANT FOR THE PEOPLE OF THIS COUNTRY AND AROUND THE 58 00:03:37,169 --> 00:03:40,469 WORLD TO FEEL THAT INSPIRATION AND JOIN US ON THIS JOURNEY. 59 00:03:40,469 --> 00:03:44,790 LET ME -- I OWE YOU ALL AN EXPLANATION FOR MY ENTHUSIASM 60 00:03:44,790 --> 00:03:48,819 AND I'M NOT SURE HOW MANY OF YOU UNDERSTAND WHY I'M SO ENTHUSED. 61 00:03:48,819 --> 00:03:55,829 35 YEARS 2.5 MONTHS AGO, I'LL LET YOU DO THE CALCULATION 62 00:03:55,829 --> 00:03:58,930 BECAUSE SOME OF YOU WEREN'T BORN. 63 00:03:58,930 --> 00:04:04,209 THAT WAS JULY 1, 1980. 64 00:04:04,209 --> 00:04:08,859 I DROVE -- I CHECKED IN TO THE JOHNSON SPACE CENTER AT HOUSTON, 65 00:04:08,859 --> 00:04:11,729 TEXAS, TO BECOME AN ASTRONAUT. 66 00:04:11,729 --> 00:04:14,200 AND I WAS GOING TO BE MATT DAMON. 67 00:04:14,200 --> 00:04:17,760 NOT STRANDED ON MARS, BUT THE FIRST MARTIAN. 68 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:22,090 AND SO FOR ME IT'S REALLY EXCITING TO SEE, YOU KNOW, US 69 00:04:22,090 --> 00:04:23,639 CONTINUE WITH THIS JOURNEY. 70 00:04:23,639 --> 00:04:28,510 BACK THEN, WE WERE 30 YEARS AWAY FROM GOING TO MARS AND I TELL 71 00:04:28,510 --> 00:04:31,500 PEOPLE THAT WE'RE CLOSER THAN EVER BEFORE IN MY MIND TO 72 00:04:31,500 --> 00:04:36,050 GETTING TO MARS BECAUSE WE ARE NOW MUCH CLOSER THAN 30 YEARS. 73 00:04:36,050 --> 00:04:37,490 I TRULY BELIEVE. 74 00:04:37,490 --> 00:04:40,710 SO THAT'S WHAT WE WANT TO TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT TODAY, BECAUSE 75 00:04:40,710 --> 00:04:42,260 WE WANT TO TALK ABOUT REAL MARTIANS. 76 00:04:42,260 --> 00:04:45,760 WE WANT TO TALK ABOUT THE CHALLENGES THAT WE HAVE, YOU 77 00:04:45,760 --> 00:04:48,680 KNOW, HOW WE PLAN TO DO THIS KIND OF THING. 78 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:51,050 AND IT'S REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT FOR ALL OF US IN THIS 79 00:04:51,050 --> 00:04:55,220 AUDITORIUM, LOOKING IN TO EXPLAIN TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC, 80 00:04:55,220 --> 00:05:01,030 ONE, WHY IT'S IMPORTANT, WHY WE THINK IT'S DOABLE AND -- BUT 81 00:05:01,030 --> 00:05:03,440 HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THE CHALLENGES OF WHAT WE'RE ABOUT, 82 00:05:03,440 --> 00:05:05,580 BECAUSE IT'S NOT AN EASY TASK. 83 00:05:05,580 --> 00:05:10,490 THIS AMBITIOUS GOAL WILL TRANSFORM TECHNOLOGY AND IT WILL 84 00:05:10,490 --> 00:05:11,660 DEFINE OUR GENERATION. 85 00:05:11,660 --> 00:05:16,920 EACH OF YOU AND THAT MEANS EVERY SINGLE -- WHAT'S YOUR NAME BACK 86 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:18,050 THERE? 87 00:05:18,050 --> 00:05:20,310 YOUNG MAN. 88 00:05:20,310 --> 00:05:24,060 THERE'S ONLY ONE LITTLE KID THAT I CAN SEE IN HERE. 89 00:05:24,060 --> 00:05:28,320 WHAT'S YOUR NAME? 90 00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:32,350 HUH? 91 00:05:32,350 --> 00:05:35,000 IS IT -- COME UP HERE FOR A MINUTE. 92 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:36,200 ALL RIGHT. 93 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:39,030 YOU JUST BROKE MY TRAIN OF THOUGHT AND MY SCRIPT. 94 00:05:39,030 --> 00:05:40,890 COME UP HERE FOR A MINUTE. 95 00:05:40,890 --> 00:05:42,870 ARE THERE TWO? 96 00:05:46,430 --> 00:05:44,190 BRING BOTH. 97 00:05:46,430 --> 00:05:52,770 QUICKLY, QUICKLY, QUICKLY. 98 00:05:52,770 --> 00:05:53,770 I KNOW I'M MESSING UP -- OKAY. 99 00:05:53,770 --> 00:05:54,770 I'LL GET US BACK, ALL RIGHT. 100 00:05:54,770 --> 00:05:57,110 HANG WITH ME. 101 00:05:57,110 --> 00:05:58,110 COME ON UP. 102 00:05:58,110 --> 00:05:59,280 WHERE, IS IT YOUR BROTHER? 103 00:05:59,280 --> 00:06:00,280 OH, COME ON. 104 00:06:00,280 --> 00:06:01,280 BRING YOUR BROTHER UP. 105 00:06:01,280 --> 00:06:05,430 TELL HIM DON'T BE AFRAID. 106 00:06:05,430 --> 00:06:06,430 DON'T BE BASHFUL. 107 00:06:06,430 --> 00:06:07,610 HOW OLD ARE YOU? 108 00:06:07,610 --> 00:06:09,980 TELL ME HOW OLD YOU ARE. 109 00:06:09,980 --> 00:06:12,900 COME ON UP. 110 00:06:12,900 --> 00:06:15,640 I PLEAD WITH YOU. 111 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:17,240 YOU'RE 10? 112 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:21,230 COME UP FOR A SECOND. 113 00:06:21,230 --> 00:06:22,230 WHAT'S YOUR NAME? 114 00:06:22,230 --> 00:06:23,230 LINUS? 115 00:06:23,230 --> 00:06:24,230 YOUR BROTHER BACK THERE? 116 00:06:24,230 --> 00:06:25,230 WHAT'S YOUR BROTHER'S NAME? 117 00:06:31,130 --> 00:06:26,230 DARWIN. 118 00:06:31,130 --> 00:06:34,060 DON'T BE A STICK IN THE MUD. 119 00:06:34,060 --> 00:06:35,880 WHAT GRADE ARE YOU? 120 00:06:35,880 --> 00:06:38,910 WHAT GRADE IS DARWIN IN? 121 00:06:38,910 --> 00:06:39,910 THIRD? 122 00:06:39,910 --> 00:06:43,660 ARE YOU GOING TO BE A MARTIAN? 123 00:06:43,660 --> 00:06:45,410 YOU DON'T KNOW YET. 124 00:06:45,410 --> 00:06:47,080 WELL, DON'T GO AWAY. 125 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:48,330 THIS IS IMPORTANT. 126 00:06:48,330 --> 00:06:50,420 I'M TRYING TO HELP HERE. 127 00:06:50,420 --> 00:06:51,620 IS THAT YOUR MOM? 128 00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:52,620 DO YOU KNOW WHAT SHE DOES? 129 00:06:52,620 --> 00:06:55,730 DOES SHE WORK FOR NASA? 130 00:06:55,730 --> 00:06:58,910 WHAT DOES YOUR DAD DO? 131 00:06:58,910 --> 00:07:02,010 IS HE BACK THERE? 132 00:07:02,010 --> 00:07:03,560 WHERE'S DAD? 133 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:05,889 STAND UP, DAD. 134 00:07:05,889 --> 00:07:06,889 WHAT'S YOUR NAME? 135 00:07:06,889 --> 00:07:09,780 AND WHAT DO YOU DO? 136 00:07:09,780 --> 00:07:13,020 ARE YOU A MARTIAN? 137 00:07:13,020 --> 00:07:16,000 DID YOU KNOW WHAT -- DID YOU HEAR WHAT YOUR DAD JUST SAID? 138 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:17,000 >> YEAH. 139 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:18,000 >> HE'S A HELIO PHYSICIST? 140 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:19,660 DO YOU KNOW WHAT MEANS? 141 00:07:19,660 --> 00:07:25,670 NEITHER DO I. AND I RUN THIS ORGANIZATION. 142 00:07:25,670 --> 00:07:28,550 NO, I DO KNOW WHAT YOU DO. 143 00:07:28,550 --> 00:07:29,930 OKAY? 144 00:07:29,930 --> 00:07:31,210 THANK YOU FOR COMING UP. 145 00:07:31,210 --> 00:07:32,210 OKAY. 146 00:07:32,210 --> 00:07:33,210 ENJOY IT. 147 00:07:33,210 --> 00:07:34,570 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 148 00:07:34,570 --> 00:07:40,270 ARE YOU THE ONLY PARENTS THAT BROUGHT YOUR KIDS OUT? 149 00:07:40,270 --> 00:07:41,720 ANY MORE? 150 00:07:41,720 --> 00:07:44,620 DID I MISS SOMEBODY? 151 00:07:44,620 --> 00:07:49,560 DARWIN, YOU'RE MY FAN -- I'M FAN OF YOURS AND ANY TIME YOU WANT 152 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:51,830 TO COME BACK AND COME UP HERE AND HELP ME DO THIS, YOU CAN DO 153 00:07:51,830 --> 00:07:52,830 THAT. 154 00:07:52,830 --> 00:07:57,070 OKAY, BECAUSE WHAT I'M ABOUT TO SAY IS FOR YOU AND YOUR BROTHER. 155 00:07:57,070 --> 00:08:00,300 AS I WAS SAYING, YOU KNOW, WHAT WE'RE ABOUT IS GOING TO 156 00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:04,160 TRANSFORM TECHNOLOGY AND DEFINE OUR GENERATION AND ACTUALLY IT'S 157 00:08:04,160 --> 00:08:05,810 GOING TO DEFINE THEIR GENERATION. 158 00:08:05,810 --> 00:08:09,160 ALL OF US WILL BE -- WE'LL BE SITTING IN ROCKING CHAIRS. 159 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:10,160 ALMOST ALL OF US. 160 00:08:10,160 --> 00:08:12,030 MANY OF US WILL BE. 161 00:08:12,030 --> 00:08:15,060 BUT DARWIN AND HIS BROTHER WILL NOT BE. 162 00:08:15,060 --> 00:08:17,870 LINUS AND DARWIN ARE GOING TO BE DOING THIS STUFF. 163 00:08:17,870 --> 00:08:19,050 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE ABOUT. 164 00:08:19,050 --> 00:08:22,580 EACH OF YOU IN THE NASA WORKFORCE IS AN IMPORTANT PART 165 00:08:22,580 --> 00:08:26,430 OF THIS JOURNEY THROUGH YOUR PASSION AND YOUR DEDICATION TO 166 00:08:26,430 --> 00:08:27,880 WHAT WE DO. 167 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:31,800 IT'S YOUR DEDICATION, IT'S YOUR MOTIVATION AND DRIVE THAT KEEPS 168 00:08:31,800 --> 00:08:33,769 NASA MOVING FORWARD. 169 00:08:33,769 --> 00:08:38,200 NOT JUST WITH MOMENTUM, BUT ALSO WITH PRECISION AND FOCUS. 170 00:08:38,200 --> 00:08:42,449 WE ARE FARTHER DOWN THE PATH TO SENDING HUMANS TO MARS AND THAT 171 00:08:42,449 --> 00:08:46,089 WAS A REASON FOR ME GIVING YOU MY PASSION. 172 00:08:46,089 --> 00:08:48,670 WHY I AM WHERE I AM. 173 00:08:48,670 --> 00:08:56,300 35.35 YEARS AND 2 1/2 MONTHS IS A LOT LONGER THAN, YOU KNOW, 174 00:08:56,300 --> 00:08:58,339 BETWEEN NOW AND 2030s. 175 00:08:58,339 --> 00:09:02,600 SO, YOU KNOW, BE PATIENT. 176 00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:05,740 WE HAVE A LOT OF WORK TO DO TO GET HUMANS TO MARS, BUT WE'LL 177 00:09:05,740 --> 00:09:06,740 GET THERE. 178 00:09:06,740 --> 00:09:10,579 BOOTS ON MARS IS POSSIBLY THE MOST EXCITING THING HUMANS WILL 179 00:09:10,579 --> 00:09:11,800 EVER DO. 180 00:09:11,800 --> 00:09:15,680 AND I LOVE THAT WE'RE HERE TODAY TALKING NOT ONLY ABOUT WHAT WE 181 00:09:15,680 --> 00:09:19,940 WANT AND NEED TO DO THAT GOAL, BUT THE WAYS WE HAVE ALREADY 182 00:09:19,940 --> 00:09:21,079 STARTED THE WORK TO GET THERE. 183 00:09:21,079 --> 00:09:24,850 BECAUSE WE HAVE BEEN DOING THIS FOR 40 YEARS BELIEVE IT OR NOT. 184 00:09:24,850 --> 00:09:27,850 WE HAVE BEEN ENGAGED IN GETTING TO MARS, GETTING HUMANS TO MARS 185 00:09:27,850 --> 00:09:29,870 FOR AT LEAST 40 YEARS NOW. 186 00:09:29,870 --> 00:09:34,269 BEGINNING WITH, YOU KNOW, THE FIRST PRECURSORS. 187 00:09:34,269 --> 00:09:37,470 YOU KNOW, MUCH OF WHAT WE DO TODAY WAS SCIENCE FICTION WHEN I 188 00:09:37,470 --> 00:09:40,879 WAS GROWING UP IN COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA. 189 00:09:40,879 --> 00:09:43,829 WE HAVE MANY ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF WHICH WE CAN BE PROUD, WHICH IS 190 00:09:43,829 --> 00:09:47,699 PEOPLE WORKING IN SPACE CONTINUOUSLY TODAY WHICH WE HAVE 191 00:09:47,699 --> 00:09:52,610 DONE NOW FOR ALMOST 15 YEARS OR SENDING A SPACECRAFT OUT OF THE 192 00:09:52,610 --> 00:09:54,779 SOLAR SYSTEM. 193 00:09:54,779 --> 00:09:58,660 OR ONE TO VISIT PLUTO AS RECENTLY HAPPENED OR PLANNING AN 194 00:09:58,660 --> 00:10:03,230 ACTUAL HUMAN TRIP TO THE RED PLANET ON WHICH WE'RE EMBARKED. 195 00:10:03,230 --> 00:10:06,670 SO I HAVE NO DOUBT THAT WE CAN ACCOMPLISH WHAT WE HAVE SET OUR 196 00:10:06,670 --> 00:10:08,350 MINDS TO DO. 197 00:10:08,350 --> 00:10:12,639 TODAY WE ALL HAVE A CHANCE TO HEAR FROM THE EXPERTS. 198 00:10:12,639 --> 00:10:16,129 THESE MEN AND WOMEN CAN TELL YOU WHAT'S GOING ON RIGHT NOW AND 199 00:10:16,129 --> 00:10:18,230 WHERE WE'RE GOING NEXT. 200 00:10:18,230 --> 00:10:21,449 THEY'LL DISCUSS WHERE OUR KNOWLEDGE GAPS ARE AND WHAT 201 00:10:21,449 --> 00:10:23,480 WE'RE DOING TO FILL THEM. 202 00:10:23,480 --> 00:10:26,249 EARLIER THIS WEEK, CAST MEMBERS FROM "THE MARTIAN" TALKED WITH 203 00:10:26,249 --> 00:10:29,059 ASTRONAUTS LIVING ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 204 00:10:29,059 --> 00:10:33,029 INCLUDING SCOTT KELLY WHO JUST PASSED HIS HALFWAY POINT DURING 205 00:10:33,029 --> 00:10:35,389 HIS ONE-YEAR MISSION ABOARD THE MISSION. 206 00:10:35,389 --> 00:10:38,339 A MISSION THAT'S GATHERING CRITICAL DATA NEEDED FOR FUTURE 207 00:10:38,339 --> 00:10:40,709 HUMAN MARS MISSIONS. 208 00:10:40,709 --> 00:10:43,999 THEY HEARD FIRSTHAND HOW THAT LABORATORY IS WORKING ON SCIENCE 209 00:10:43,999 --> 00:10:46,110 OFFERED FOR THE EARTH. 210 00:10:46,110 --> 00:10:48,999 THE ACTORS SAW THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TRAINING FACILITY, 211 00:10:48,999 --> 00:10:53,120 THEY HEARD FROM THE TEAM WORKING ON PLANETARY ROVERS, LEARNED 212 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:58,910 ABOUT SPACE ROCK SYSTEM ROCKET AND THEN THEY VISITED THE 213 00:10:58,910 --> 00:11:03,369 MISSION CONTROL CENTER WHERE SUPPORT IS PROVIDED FOR RESEARCH 214 00:11:03,369 --> 00:11:04,999 AND FOR OPERATIONS. 215 00:11:04,999 --> 00:11:08,351 AS MOST OF YOU IN THIS AUDIENCE KNOW, THAT'S JUST THE TIP OF THE 216 00:11:08,351 --> 00:11:11,709 ICEBERG WHEN IT COMES TO ALL WE DO AT NASA. 217 00:11:11,709 --> 00:11:18,300 OUR MARTIAN GUESTS SAW HOW WE'RE ENABLING EXPLORATION INTO TOOLS 218 00:11:18,300 --> 00:11:20,680 FOR UNDERSTANDING EARTH RIGHT NOW. 219 00:11:20,680 --> 00:11:24,180 NEW KNOWLEDGE THAT WILL INFORM FUTURE MARS EXPLORERS. 220 00:11:24,180 --> 00:11:26,149 THIS IS OUR STORY. 221 00:11:26,149 --> 00:11:27,500 IT'S OUR STORY. 222 00:11:27,500 --> 00:11:29,829 THIS IS OUR JOURNEY TO MARS. 223 00:11:29,829 --> 00:11:32,999 IT'S THE REAL STUFF OF SCIENCE. 224 00:11:32,999 --> 00:11:35,619 TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT. 225 00:11:35,619 --> 00:11:39,369 EARLIER THIS WEEK, WE LAUNCHED THE REAL MARTIANS WEB PAGE WHERE 226 00:11:39,369 --> 00:11:42,930 YOU CAN SEE VIDEOS OF YOUR FELLOW EMPLOYEES TELLING THEIR 227 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:45,720 STORES AND HOW THEY'RE SUPPORTING THE JOURNEY TO MARS. 228 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:48,350 IT WILL BE UPDATED THREE TIMES A WEEK. 229 00:11:48,350 --> 00:11:57,540 THAT'S WHAT THEY TELL ME, WITH NEW VIDEOS S THAT RIGHT, MR. 230 00:11:57,540 --> 00:11:58,540 BROWN? 231 00:11:58,540 --> 00:11:59,540 ALL RIGHT. 232 00:11:59,540 --> 00:12:01,709 SO VISIT EARLY AND OFTEN. 233 00:12:01,709 --> 00:12:04,009 I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO HEARING THE QUESTIONS THAT YOU HAVE 234 00:12:04,009 --> 00:12:07,683 TODAY AND TO TALKING SOME MORE WITH ANDY AND JIM WHO IS MAYBE 235 00:12:07,683 --> 00:12:11,820 OUR -- JIM GREEN WHO IS MAYBE OUR HEAD MARTIAN HERE AT NASA 236 00:12:11,820 --> 00:12:13,179 HEADQUARTERS. 237 00:12:13,179 --> 00:12:16,540 TODAY WE TAKE PART IN THE ONGOING DIALOGUE ABOUT WHAT IT'S 238 00:12:16,540 --> 00:12:19,660 GOING TO TAKE TO GET HUMANS TO MARS. 239 00:12:19,660 --> 00:12:22,839 I KNOW IT INVIGORATES ME EVERY SINGLE DAY ON THE JOB TO WORK ON 240 00:12:22,839 --> 00:12:25,630 ONE OF THE BIGGEST THINGS HUMANITY HAS EVER ATTEMPTED AND 241 00:12:25,630 --> 00:12:28,339 I THINK IT'S THIS GENERATION'S MOMENT. 242 00:12:28,339 --> 00:12:31,889 THE CHANCE FOR THE NEXT GIANT LEAP. 243 00:12:31,889 --> 00:12:39,129 A CHILD TODAY THAT WAS BORN LESS THAN 15 YEARS AGO HAS NEVER, 244 00:12:39,129 --> 00:12:44,779 NEVER KNOWN A MOMENT WHEN HUMANS DIDN'T LIVE WITH THE INTERNET OR 245 00:12:44,779 --> 00:12:46,529 LIVE IN SPACE. 246 00:12:46,529 --> 00:12:47,529 THINK ABOUT THAT. 247 00:12:47,529 --> 00:12:50,980 I MEAN, THAT'S OUR KIDS AND GRANDKIDS. 248 00:12:50,980 --> 00:12:54,089 A CHILD TODAY WHO IS 15 YEARS OR YOUNGER HAS NEVER KNOWN A MOMENT 249 00:12:54,089 --> 00:12:56,749 WITHOUT THE INTERNET OR WHEN HUMANS WERE NOT LIVING OR 250 00:12:56,749 --> 00:12:58,759 WORKING IN SPACE. 251 00:12:58,759 --> 00:13:02,250 THEY ARE THE SPACE GENERATION. 252 00:13:02,250 --> 00:13:04,679 THEY'RE THE ONES WHO ARE GOING TO SET DOWN ON THE RED PLANET 253 00:13:04,679 --> 00:13:06,940 FOR THE FIRST TIME. 254 00:13:06,940 --> 00:13:10,829 OUR FIRST MARTIANS ARE -- THEY'RE IN SCHOOL RIGHT NOW. 255 00:13:10,829 --> 00:13:12,100 THEY'RE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. 256 00:13:12,100 --> 00:13:13,100 KINDERGARTENS. 257 00:13:13,100 --> 00:13:17,830 AND THIS MOVIE AND ALL THE MISSIONS THAT THEY SEE NASA 258 00:13:17,830 --> 00:13:25,389 FLYING COULD PUSH THEM FIRMLY IN THE TECHNOLOGY OR ENGINEERING OR 259 00:13:25,389 --> 00:13:31,490 MATH AND WE WANT THEM TO PURSUE THE CAREERS TO KEEP AMERICA THE 260 00:13:31,490 --> 00:13:33,450 LEADER IN SPACE. 261 00:13:33,450 --> 00:13:36,339 THAT KIND OF INSPIRATION IS PROBABLY ONE OF THE MOST POTENT 262 00:13:36,339 --> 00:13:39,029 THINGS THAT WE CAN PROVIDE TO THE NEXT GENERATION. 263 00:13:41,699 --> 00:13:40,699 THAT'S YOU. 264 00:13:41,699 --> 00:13:44,079 AND WHAT YOU DO. 265 00:13:44,079 --> 00:13:47,050 THAT'S WHAT MAKES US SO DIFFERENT. 266 00:13:47,050 --> 00:13:50,209 SO DIFFERENT. 267 00:13:50,209 --> 00:13:52,959 FROM ANY OTHER AGENCY OF THIS GOVERNMENT. 268 00:13:52,959 --> 00:13:53,959 YOU KNOW? 269 00:13:53,959 --> 00:13:59,550 WE ARE THE INSPIRATION FOR THE SPACE GENERATION. 270 00:13:59,550 --> 00:14:02,750 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE DOING RIGHT NOW, SO LET'S GET STARTED AND 271 00:14:02,750 --> 00:14:03,889 HEAR MORE ABOUT THIS. 272 00:14:03,889 --> 00:14:07,569 FIRST, LET'S HEAR FROM TWO NASA EMPLOYEES WORKING ON OUR JOURNEY 273 00:14:07,569 --> 00:14:12,009 TO MARS ABOUT HOW THEY SEE THE WORK REFLECTED IN "THE MARTIAN." 274 00:14:12,009 --> 00:14:17,929 WITH US ALEXANDER McDONALD FROM THE OFFICE OF CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST 275 00:14:17,929 --> 00:14:21,439 AND TARA RUTLY, ASSOCIATE ISS PROGRAM SCIENTIST IN THE OFFICE 276 00:14:21,439 --> 00:14:23,389 OF CHIEF SCIENTIST. 277 00:14:23,389 --> 00:14:29,459 SO ALEXANDER AND TARA, I KNOW I SAW YOU ALL -- 278 00:14:29,459 --> 00:14:30,730 >> WE'RE HERE. 279 00:14:30,730 --> 00:14:33,920 >> THERE THEY ARE OVER THERE. 280 00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:35,829 COME ON UP. 281 00:14:35,829 --> 00:14:36,829 >> ALL RIGHT. 282 00:14:36,829 --> 00:14:37,829 THANK YOU. 283 00:14:37,829 --> 00:14:38,829 THANK YOU, ADMINISTRATOR BOLDEN. 284 00:14:38,829 --> 00:14:39,829 WE'RE GOING TO DO IT FROM HERE. 285 00:14:39,829 --> 00:14:40,829 >> I'M SITTING DOWN. 286 00:14:40,829 --> 00:14:41,829 >> WE'RE CHILLIN'. 287 00:14:41,829 --> 00:14:43,670 WE'RE GOING TO RELAX WITH THE FELLOW EMPLOYEES BUT IT'S REALLY 288 00:14:43,670 --> 00:14:45,600 HARD TO FOLLOW THE INSPIRING WORDS. 289 00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:46,600 I DON'T KNOW, ALEX. 290 00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:47,649 I DON'T KNOW. 291 00:14:47,649 --> 00:14:50,670 ALEX AND I HAVE BEEN TALKING ABOUT THE BOOK. 292 00:14:50,670 --> 00:14:53,709 WE HAVE BEEN SHARING SOME FUN DISCUSSION OVER THE PAST FEW 293 00:14:53,709 --> 00:14:54,709 DAYS. 294 00:14:54,709 --> 00:14:55,709 I ASSUME HE READ THE BOOK. 295 00:14:55,709 --> 00:14:57,399 >> YES, IT WAS INCREDIBLE. 296 00:14:57,399 --> 00:15:00,800 >> MOST OF US HERE HAVE READ THE BOOK AND WE HAVE BEEN TALKING 297 00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:03,569 ABOUT SOME OF THE INSPIRATIONING PARTS OF THE BOOK AND HOW 298 00:15:03,569 --> 00:15:10,149 THEY'RE RELEVANT TO THE BOOK -- RELEVANT TO WHAT WE DO AT NASA. 299 00:15:10,149 --> 00:15:13,269 I THINK WE'RE MOSTLY INSPIRED BY THE HUMAN NATURE, THE NEED TO 300 00:15:13,269 --> 00:15:14,269 JUST PROVIDE. 301 00:15:14,269 --> 00:15:17,350 WE ARE EXPLORING AND THEN SURVIVAL KICKS IN AND THE WAY 302 00:15:17,350 --> 00:15:22,089 THAT WATNEY SURVIVED IS BASED ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THAT WE 303 00:15:22,089 --> 00:15:25,279 HERE AT NASA ARE PART OF EVERY SINGLE DAY. 304 00:15:25,279 --> 00:15:28,019 FOR THOSE OF US WHO READ IT, IT WAS ALL FAMILIAR. 305 00:15:28,019 --> 00:15:30,449 IT'S ALL FAMILIAR. 306 00:15:30,449 --> 00:15:33,230 AND FOR ME I WORK IN THE SPACE STATION PROGRAM IN THE SCIENCE 307 00:15:33,230 --> 00:15:34,230 OFFICE. 308 00:15:34,230 --> 00:15:36,050 WE ARE DOING THINGS NOW AS PART OF THAT PROGRAM. 309 00:15:36,050 --> 00:15:41,010 AGENCY WIDE, BUT WE HAVE A LOW EARTH ORBIT PLATFORM WHERE WE 310 00:15:41,010 --> 00:15:43,079 CAN GET REAL WORK DONE. 311 00:15:43,079 --> 00:15:46,410 THINGS LIKE THE ONE-YEAR MISSION WHERE WE'RE TRYING TO TACKLE THE 312 00:15:46,410 --> 00:15:49,170 CHANGES THAT HAPPENED TO THE HUMAN BODY SO WE STAY LONGER IN 313 00:15:49,170 --> 00:15:53,860 SPACE AND REALLY EXCITING AND INSPIRING, THINK ABOUT THE WAY 314 00:15:53,860 --> 00:15:54,860 THAT IT WAS WRITTEN. 315 00:15:54,860 --> 00:15:56,820 IT WAS WRITTEN FROM WATNEY'S PERSPECTIVE. 316 00:15:56,820 --> 00:16:01,519 IF HE WASN'T JOURNALING WE WOULDN'T HAVE THE EXCITING 317 00:16:01,519 --> 00:16:02,519 THINGS IN THE BOOK. 318 00:16:02,519 --> 00:16:08,579 OUR ASTRONAUTS, WE HAVE THOUSANDS OF PAGES OF JOURNALS 319 00:16:08,579 --> 00:16:11,600 THAT ARE BEING STUDIED RIGHT NOW TO UNDERSTAND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL 320 00:16:11,600 --> 00:16:14,269 BEHAVIOR PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS 321 00:16:14,269 --> 00:16:16,480 LIVING UP THERE IN SPACE. 322 00:16:16,480 --> 00:16:20,239 SO ALL ACROSS THE AGENCY RIGHT NOW TO SPECIFICALLY FOR STATION, 323 00:16:20,239 --> 00:16:21,239 THAT'S MY THOUGHTS ON IT. 324 00:16:21,239 --> 00:16:22,719 WHAT ARE YOU THINKING? 325 00:16:22,719 --> 00:16:26,779 >> FOR ME, WHAT WAS SO INSPIRING WAS TO SEE A BOOK TREAT SUCH 326 00:16:26,779 --> 00:16:27,779 DETAILS. 327 00:16:27,779 --> 00:16:32,819 THE ECONOMIC TRADEOFFS OF POTATO PRODUCTION ON MARS. 328 00:16:32,819 --> 00:16:35,779 >> POTATO PRODUCTION, YEAH. 329 00:16:35,779 --> 00:16:38,569 >> WE HAVEN'T HAD A HUGE PUBLIC CONVERSATION ABOUT MARTIAN 330 00:16:38,569 --> 00:16:42,730 POTATO PRODUCTION AND SPOILER ALERT HERE, POTATOES ARE SUPER 331 00:16:42,730 --> 00:16:44,410 IMPORTANT TO THE MARTIAN. 332 00:16:44,410 --> 00:16:47,410 YOU HAVE TO FIGURE OUT HOW TO GET YOUR CALORIES SO WE HAVE 333 00:16:47,410 --> 00:16:52,670 ENOUGH MULTIVITAMIN, GOT SOME PROTEIN, PROTEIN BARS AND HE HAS 334 00:16:52,670 --> 00:16:57,540 TO FIGURE OUT HOW DO I PRODUCE ENOUGH FOOD TO SURVIVE FOR THE 335 00:16:57,540 --> 00:17:00,029 YEAR THAT HE'S GOING TO BE THERE? 336 00:17:00,029 --> 00:17:01,029 >> THAT'S RIGHT. 337 00:17:01,029 --> 00:17:02,679 >> HE HAS TO DO IT WITH ONLY THE THINGS HE HAS AVAILABLE. 338 00:17:02,679 --> 00:17:07,429 SO HE HAS TO KIND OF DO THE JUJITSU MATH TO ENGAGE IN 339 00:17:07,429 --> 00:17:09,970 SOMETHING AROUND THE AGENCY PEOPLE HAVE BEEN DOING FOR A 340 00:17:09,970 --> 00:17:12,000 LONG TIME WHICH IS SPACE AGRICULTURE. 341 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:20,340 I THINK THE BOOK INTRODUCES THE SPACE AGRICULTURE AND ON THE ISS 342 00:17:20,340 --> 00:17:25,790 NOW, WE HAD A BIG MILESTONE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS FIELD 343 00:17:25,790 --> 00:17:27,959 WITH THE VEGGIE EXPERIMENT. 344 00:17:27,959 --> 00:17:34,660 WE HAD ASTRONAUTS WHO HAD GROWN LETTUCE AND ABLE TO EAT IT AND 345 00:17:34,660 --> 00:17:35,660 ENJOY IT. 346 00:17:35,660 --> 00:17:38,270 SO I THINK THE MARTIAN TAKES THE WHOLE FIELD THAT I THINK'S 347 00:17:38,270 --> 00:17:40,830 IMPORTANT IN THE FUTURE AND REALLY BRINGS IT HOME AS A 348 00:17:40,830 --> 00:17:42,510 CRITICAL METHOD OF SURVIVAL. 349 00:17:42,510 --> 00:17:43,510 >> SO COOL. 350 00:17:43,510 --> 00:17:45,150 YOU REMEMBER HOW HE GREW THE POTATOES, RIGHT? 351 00:17:45,150 --> 00:17:51,060 HE NEEDED SPECIAL MICROBES SO IT'S TRUE. 352 00:17:51,060 --> 00:17:52,730 BEFORE THE ASTRONAUTS WERE ALLOWED TO EAT IT, THEY HAD TO 353 00:17:52,730 --> 00:17:55,990 GO HOME FOR SAMPLING OF THE MICROBES. 354 00:17:55,990 --> 00:18:00,120 AND AS WE READ THE BOOK, I THINK WE RELATED TO THINGS LIKE THAT. 355 00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:02,040 SO ALEX, IT'S BEEN FUN. 356 00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:03,040 >> INDEED. 357 00:18:03,040 --> 00:18:05,210 >> I WANTED TO SAY, YOU KNOW, THINGS THAT SPACE STATION IS 358 00:18:05,210 --> 00:18:08,250 DOING RIGHT NOW, I WANTED TO SAY, YOU KNOW, THE ADDITIVE 359 00:18:08,250 --> 00:18:11,390 MANUFACTURING, WE HAVE GOT TESTING THE INFLATABLE HABITATS 360 00:18:11,390 --> 00:18:12,390 COMING UP. 361 00:18:12,390 --> 00:18:16,190 WE HAVE ROBOTIC SERVICING MISSIONS, WAYS THAT PREDISPOSE 362 00:18:16,190 --> 00:18:25,650 US TO POSITION OUR LOGISTICS. 363 00:18:25,650 --> 00:18:26,650 IT'S BEEN FUN. 364 00:18:26,650 --> 00:18:27,650 A GOOD BOOK. 365 00:18:27,650 --> 00:18:29,120 THANK YOU FOR CHATTING WITH US TODAY, ALEX. 366 00:18:29,120 --> 00:18:32,760 FUN TALKING TO YOU ABOUT POTATO ECONOMICS. 367 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:36,870 >> POTATOES ARE THE FUTURE. 368 00:18:36,870 --> 00:18:37,870 >> ALL KINDS OF WAYS. 369 00:18:37,870 --> 00:18:40,370 WE HAVE DISCUSSED ALL KINDS OF WAYS OF POTATOES BUT NOT COOKED 370 00:18:40,370 --> 00:18:48,960 IF YOU WANT THE BEST CALORIES. 371 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:49,960 [ APPLAUSE ] OKAY. 372 00:18:49,960 --> 00:18:51,710 SO NOW, IT'S REALLY GOING TO BE COOL TO HEAR FROM OUR VERY OWN 373 00:18:51,710 --> 00:18:52,920 HEAD MARTIAN, DR. 374 00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:55,210 JIM GREEN, DIRECTOR OF PLANETARY SCIENCES 375 00:18:55,210 --> 00:18:59,000 BECAUSE HE'S GOING TO TALK TO US ABOUT SCIENCE FACTS AND FICTION 376 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:04,010 IN "THE MARTIAN" THEN WE'LL HAVE ANDY WEIR TALK TO US AFTER THAT. 377 00:19:04,010 --> 00:19:09,570 BUT FIRST, WE'LL LISTEN TO A MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR RIDLEY 378 00:19:09,570 --> 00:19:14,460 SCOTT, AND SEE WHAT HIS THOUGHTS ARE ON THE JOURNEY TO MARS. 379 00:19:14,460 --> 00:19:21,990 >> WE HAVE PONDERED OUR NEIGHBOR, MARS, CAN WE LIVE 380 00:19:21,990 --> 00:19:27,230 THERE, HOW SOON CAN HUMAN GOES THERE? 381 00:19:27,230 --> 00:19:30,070 THESE ARE QUESTIONS THAT FASCINATED ME AS A FILMMAKER AND 382 00:19:30,070 --> 00:19:34,030 THAT NASA HELPED TO ANSWER WHEN I CAME OUT TO FILM "THE 383 00:19:34,030 --> 00:19:35,030 MARTIAN." 384 00:19:35,030 --> 00:19:38,170 SENDING HUMANS TO MARS SAFELY IS A PRIORITY AT NASA. 385 00:19:38,170 --> 00:19:41,580 IT STARTED THE LANDING OF ROBOTIC ROVERS AND MARTIANS ON 386 00:19:41,580 --> 00:19:44,350 SOIL, SUCH AS SPIRIT. 387 00:19:44,350 --> 00:19:45,740 AND CURIOSITY. 388 00:19:45,740 --> 00:19:48,800 THE DATA AND IMAGES OF THESE MAGNIFICENT ROBOTS ARE SENT BACK 389 00:19:48,800 --> 00:19:52,100 TO EARTH AND THEY HAVE PEAKED OUR IMAGINATION AND HEIGHTENED 390 00:19:52,100 --> 00:19:53,620 OUR DETERMINATION TO GO. 391 00:19:53,620 --> 00:19:58,700 FOR THE SAFE JOURNEY AND THE TOUCHDOWN OF THE HUMANS IN THE 392 00:19:58,700 --> 00:19:59,700 2030s. 393 00:19:59,700 --> 00:20:02,630 HUMANS ARE PREPARING FOR THE JOURNEY BY LIVING 250 MILES 394 00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:09,710 OVERHEAD ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION WHERE THERE IS NO 395 00:20:09,710 --> 00:20:10,930 GRAVITY. 396 00:20:10,930 --> 00:20:14,390 THE ROUND TRIP TO MARS CAN TAKE 500 DAYS OR LONGER. 397 00:20:14,390 --> 00:20:18,640 IT REQUIRES THE NEW ORION SPACECRAFT AND ROCKET. 398 00:20:18,640 --> 00:20:24,990 WHEN WE INVENT NEW TECHNOLOGIES IT BENEFITS ALL OF HUMANITY, 399 00:20:24,990 --> 00:20:28,380 CONTRIBUTING TO NEW BREAK THROUGHS IN MEDICINE, AND 400 00:20:28,380 --> 00:20:29,380 MANUFACTURING. 401 00:20:29,380 --> 00:20:31,690 THE JOURNEY TO MARS WILL CHANGE OUR HISTORY BOOKS FOREVER. 402 00:20:31,690 --> 00:20:35,360 REWRITING WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE RED PLANET, EXPANDING DEEP INTO 403 00:20:35,360 --> 00:20:37,250 THE SOLAR SYSTEM. 404 00:20:37,250 --> 00:20:43,410 FOLLOW NASA'S JOURNEY TO MARS AT NASA.GOV. 405 00:20:43,410 --> 00:20:49,550 >> YES, THAT WAS GREAT. 406 00:20:49,550 --> 00:20:51,090 BRILLIANT. 407 00:20:51,090 --> 00:20:52,090 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR THAT. 408 00:20:52,090 --> 00:20:53,950 THAT WAS A GREAT MESSAGE. 409 00:20:53,950 --> 00:20:57,060 YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT EVERY DAY THAT WE GET TO CELEBRATE SCIENCE 410 00:20:57,060 --> 00:21:01,430 FICTION IN AN AGENCY THAT DEALS WITH SCIENCE FACT EVERY DAY. 411 00:21:01,430 --> 00:21:05,490 BUT THE MARTIAN REALLY IS A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF OUR CULTURE OF 412 00:21:05,490 --> 00:21:06,600 SCIENCE FICTION. 413 00:21:06,600 --> 00:21:10,530 YOU KNOW, IF YOU DON'T DREAM ABOUT THE FUTURE, YOU DON'T HAVE 414 00:21:10,530 --> 00:21:11,580 A FUTURE. 415 00:21:11,580 --> 00:21:16,050 YOU HAVE TO RECOGNIZE HOW IMPORTANT IT IS FOR THOSE THINGS 416 00:21:16,050 --> 00:21:20,040 TO STAY IN YOUR MIND. 417 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:22,520 UNDERSTAND THE DIRECTION YOU WANT TO MOVE TOWARDS AND THEN 418 00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:24,320 MOVE TOWARDS IT. 419 00:21:24,320 --> 00:21:26,420 WHAT'S REALLY GREAT ABOUT THE BOOK AND OF COURSE THE MOVIE 420 00:21:26,420 --> 00:21:30,860 THAT FOLLOWS THE BOOK VERY WELL IS IT'S JUST AROUND THE CORNER. 421 00:21:30,860 --> 00:21:34,570 NOW, TODAY IN THE FEW MINUTES THAT I HAVE ONE OF THE THINGS 422 00:21:34,570 --> 00:21:39,540 THAT I WANTED TO DO IN THE NEXT SLIDE IS TO TALK ABOUT WHAT MARS 423 00:21:39,540 --> 00:21:44,010 MIGHT REALLY BE LIKE RELATIVE TO THE MOVIE. 424 00:21:44,010 --> 00:21:45,010 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 425 00:21:45,010 --> 00:21:47,900 AND OF COURSE IN THE MOVIE IT STARTS OUT WITH THIS ENORMOUS 426 00:21:47,900 --> 00:21:48,920 DUST STORM. 427 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:53,670 ONE THAT'S VERY CAPABLE, THAT HAMMERS IT AND BREAKS THE PIECES 428 00:21:53,670 --> 00:21:59,120 APART AND THROWS THEM EVERYWHERE AS SHOWN FROM THE SCENES. 429 00:21:59,120 --> 00:22:00,360 NEXT SLIDE. 430 00:22:00,360 --> 00:22:06,700 HOWEVER, FROM ORBIT, WE DO SEE THESE INTENSE DUST STORMS. 431 00:22:06,700 --> 00:22:11,240 AND THEY CAN LOOK REALLY FORBODING, BUT IN REALITY -- 432 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:15,070 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE, THE DUST STORMS ARE NOWHERE NEAR AS 433 00:22:15,070 --> 00:22:16,110 POWERFUL. 434 00:22:16,110 --> 00:22:20,100 THE PRESSURE ON EARTH IS SO MUCH -- ON MARS IS SO MUCH LESS 435 00:22:20,100 --> 00:22:24,700 THAN THE EARTH THAT EVEN 120 MILE AN HOUR WIND WHICH DOES 436 00:22:24,700 --> 00:22:28,540 OCCUR ON MARS WON'T BE ENOUGH TO STRAIGHTEN AN AMERICAN FLAG 437 00:22:28,540 --> 00:22:30,260 SITTING ON THE SURFACE. 438 00:22:30,260 --> 00:22:31,260 ALL RIGHT? 439 00:22:31,260 --> 00:22:35,270 HOWEVER, WHAT HAPPENS IS THE DUST GETS SUSPENDED IN SPACE, IN 440 00:22:35,270 --> 00:22:39,410 THE ATMOSPHERE, RATHER, TO SOMETIMES 20 AND 30 KILOMETERS 441 00:22:39,410 --> 00:22:40,780 HIGH. 442 00:22:40,780 --> 00:22:42,880 AND BLOCKS OUT THE SUN. 443 00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:47,030 MAKES IT LOOK LIKE NIGHT, EVEN AT NOON. 444 00:22:47,030 --> 00:22:51,930 AND SO CONSEQUENTLY, IT CAN BE FORMIDABLE IF YOU'RE USING SOLAR 445 00:22:51,930 --> 00:22:54,030 POWER, DEPENDING ON THAT. 446 00:22:54,030 --> 00:22:56,790 SO THESE ARE ACTUALLY THE FACTS THAT WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH AS WE 447 00:22:56,790 --> 00:22:58,980 GO TO MARS. 448 00:22:58,980 --> 00:23:01,230 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 449 00:23:01,230 --> 00:23:04,600 SO WE HAVE BEEN ON MARS IN MANY LOCATIONS. 450 00:23:04,600 --> 00:23:08,650 HERE'S AN OVERVIEW OF THE LANDERS AND ROVERS FROM VIKING 451 00:23:08,650 --> 00:23:14,320 PATHFINDER, PHOENIX, AND CURIOSITY AND OPPORTUNITY. 452 00:23:14,320 --> 00:23:16,220 THOSE TWO ARE OPERATING TODAY. 453 00:23:16,220 --> 00:23:17,740 THESE ARE THEIR LOCATIONS. 454 00:23:17,740 --> 00:23:21,401 IN THE FUTURE WE'RE PLANNING TO LAND IN FLIGHT WITH THE LAUNCH 455 00:23:21,401 --> 00:23:24,700 WINDOW OPENING UP ON MARCH 4th OF NEXT YEAR. 456 00:23:24,700 --> 00:23:28,490 INSIGHT IS A LANDER AND IT'S GOING TO LOOK AT THE SEISMOLOGY 457 00:23:28,490 --> 00:23:31,060 AND THE HEAT FLOW OF THE PLANET. 458 00:23:31,060 --> 00:23:32,550 THOSE ARE VERY IMPORTANT. 459 00:23:32,550 --> 00:23:36,450 WE SEE AVALANCHES FROM SPACE, FROM THE MARS RECONNAISSANCE 460 00:23:36,450 --> 00:23:37,450 ORBITER. 461 00:23:37,450 --> 00:23:42,950 IS THERE MARS QUAKES, HOW INTENSE ARE THEY, SHOULD WE BE 462 00:23:42,950 --> 00:23:44,370 CONCERNED ABOUT IT? 463 00:23:44,370 --> 00:23:47,920 WHAT ABOUT HOW THE HEAT LEAVES THE PLANET, IS THAT SOMETHING 464 00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:53,060 THAT WE CAN USE LIKE GEOTHERMAL ACTIVITY THAT WE DO HERE ON 465 00:23:53,060 --> 00:23:54,060 EARTH? 466 00:23:54,060 --> 00:23:56,640 CAN WE USE THE THERMAL ENERGY OF MARS TO BE ABLE TO HEAT OUR 467 00:23:56,640 --> 00:23:57,640 HOUSES. 468 00:23:57,640 --> 00:24:00,240 THIS IS SOMETHING FROM THE SCIENTIFIC POINT OF VIEW WE WANT 469 00:24:00,240 --> 00:24:04,520 TO ANSWER, AND FROM THE HUMAN EXPLORATION POINT ARE EXTREMELY 470 00:24:04,520 --> 00:24:05,560 IMPORTANT. 471 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:07,850 HERE'S WHERE THE AIRES SITE IS. 472 00:24:07,850 --> 00:24:10,400 IT'S ABOVE PATHFINDER. 473 00:24:10,400 --> 00:24:12,040 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 474 00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:16,750 AS YOU SAW IN THE TRAILER, NICK WATNEY HAS TO COMMUNICATE WITH 475 00:24:16,750 --> 00:24:18,180 EFFORT. 476 00:24:18,180 --> 00:24:21,300 COMMUNICATION IS A SUBTEXT IN THE MOVIE. 477 00:24:21,300 --> 00:24:28,380 HE TALKS TO HIS GOPRO, SOMETHING HE HAS TO DO TO THINK ABOUT WHAT 478 00:24:28,380 --> 00:24:31,490 HE'S GOING DO IN THE FUTURE AND HOW HE'S GOING TO COPE IN THE 479 00:24:31,490 --> 00:24:34,810 ACTIVITY, IN ADDITION TO PRODUCING THE NORMAL LOG ONE 480 00:24:34,810 --> 00:24:38,450 DOES DATING BACK TO "STAR TREK," OF COURSE. 481 00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:41,330 RECOGNIZING THE PATHFINDER MIGHT BE A CAPABILITY THAT HE USED TO 482 00:24:41,330 --> 00:24:44,860 COMMUNICATE BACK TO EARTH, HE MAKES THE TREK. 483 00:24:44,860 --> 00:24:48,240 THAT'S PROBABLY 500 KILOMETERS FROM AIRES 3. 484 00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:52,930 BUT WHAT IS -- WHAT IS A JOURNEY ON MARS FOR OUR ASTRONAUTS? 485 00:24:52,930 --> 00:24:55,880 IT'S REALLY WHAT WE CALL THE EXPLORATION ZONE. 486 00:24:55,880 --> 00:24:59,620 IT'S A ZONE OF ABOUT 100 KILOMETERS IN DIAMETER. 487 00:24:59,620 --> 00:25:00,920 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 488 00:25:00,920 --> 00:25:04,850 AND HERE YOU SEE WHAT'S REALLY IN THE EXPLORATION ZONE. 489 00:25:04,850 --> 00:25:06,740 WE WILL LAND IN AN AREA. 490 00:25:06,740 --> 00:25:08,640 WE WILL LIVE IN ANOTHER AREA. 491 00:25:08,640 --> 00:25:12,920 WE WILL DO SCIENTIFICALLY COMPELLING RESEARCH IN DIFFERENT 492 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:14,790 REGIONS. 493 00:25:14,790 --> 00:25:19,850 AND WE WILL USE THE RESOURCES AT HAND, EXTRACTING OXYGEN FROM THE 494 00:25:19,850 --> 00:25:21,140 AIR, PERHAPS EVEN WATER. 495 00:25:21,140 --> 00:25:24,400 WE KNOW NOW THAT MARS IS MORE HUMID THAN WE THOUGHT. 496 00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:26,690 CAN WE GROW MORE THINGS ON MARS? 497 00:25:26,690 --> 00:25:30,710 WE KNOW THERE ARE NITRATES IN THE SOIL, FAR MORE THAN WE EVER 498 00:25:30,710 --> 00:25:31,710 IMAGINED. 499 00:25:31,710 --> 00:25:37,000 THE MORE WE LEARNED ABOUT MARS THE MORE WE CAN DESIGN HUMAN 500 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:41,800 EXPLORATION TO LIVE, SURVIVE AND WORK ON THE PLANET AND RETURN. 501 00:25:41,800 --> 00:25:46,720 WE WILL USE THESE THROUGH THESE RESOURCE UTILIZATION ACTIVITIES. 502 00:25:46,720 --> 00:25:48,810 ISRU THEY'RE CALLED. 503 00:25:48,810 --> 00:25:53,850 THIS IS THE KIND OF ACTIVITY THAT COMBINES SCIENCE, 504 00:25:53,850 --> 00:25:58,540 TECHNOLOGY AND HUMAN EXPLORATION IN OUR JOURNEY TOWARDS MARS. 505 00:25:58,540 --> 00:26:01,380 SO IN THE BRIEF FEW MINUTES THAT I HAVE, I HOPE I HAVE GIVEN YOU 506 00:26:01,380 --> 00:26:05,000 AN IDEA AS TO OUR PLANS IN THE FUTURE. 507 00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,820 WHEN I GO TO THE MOVIES THIS IS NO DIFFERENT, I CHECK MY SCIENCE 508 00:26:08,820 --> 00:26:09,920 AT THE DOOR. 509 00:26:09,920 --> 00:26:11,740 I LIVE AND BREATHE IT ALL DAY. 510 00:26:11,740 --> 00:26:15,120 I WANT TO ENJOY THE ENVIRONMENT, BUT WHAT'S REALLY GREAT ABOUT 511 00:26:15,120 --> 00:26:18,440 IT, IT GETS SO MANY THINGS RIGHT. 512 00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:21,190 AND SO I HOPE YOU WILL ENJOY THE BOOK AND ENJOY THE MOVIE. 513 00:26:21,190 --> 00:26:22,780 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 514 00:26:22,780 --> 00:26:25,850 BECAUSE THERE'S AN EVOLUTION OF ACTIVITY, IT STARTS WITH THE 515 00:26:25,850 --> 00:26:30,200 SCIENCE THAT WE DO AND THE UNDERSTANDING THAT WE HAVE ABOUT 516 00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:34,190 GOING TO MARS AND IT'S ESSENTIAL THAT WE DO THAT AND THAT WILL 517 00:26:34,190 --> 00:26:38,600 ENABLE HUMAN EXPLORATION TO BE SUCCESSFUL. 518 00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:44,250 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 519 00:26:44,250 --> 00:26:51,370 [ APPLAUSE ] SO NOW IT'S MY GREAT PLEASURE TO 520 00:26:51,370 --> 00:26:56,880 INTRODUCE ANDY WEIR, THE AUTHOR OF "THE MARTIAN." 521 00:26:56,880 --> 00:26:59,410 AND I BELIEVE HE'S COMING IN OVER THE INTERNET. 522 00:26:59,410 --> 00:27:01,100 THERE HE IS. 523 00:27:01,100 --> 00:27:02,230 HEY, ANDY. 524 00:27:02,230 --> 00:27:06,300 IT'S ALL YOURS. 525 00:27:06,300 --> 00:27:09,940 >> HI. 526 00:27:09,940 --> 00:27:12,150 THERE WE GO. 527 00:27:12,150 --> 00:27:14,150 WELL, HI. 528 00:27:14,150 --> 00:27:17,200 AS JIM SAID I'M ANDY WEIR AND I WROTE "THE MARTIAN." 529 00:27:17,200 --> 00:27:19,920 IT'S A GREAT PLEASURE TO BE HERE TODAY. 530 00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:22,140 BACK WHEN I WAS A KID I WANTED TO BE A WRITER, I ALWAYS WANTED 531 00:27:22,140 --> 00:27:25,090 ON THE A WRITER BUT I ALWAYS LIKE EATING REGULAR MEALS AND 532 00:27:25,090 --> 00:27:28,250 LIVING PLACES OTHER THAN PARK BENCHES SO I DECIDED TO GO INTO 533 00:27:28,250 --> 00:27:29,750 I THINKER -- ENGINEERING. 534 00:27:29,750 --> 00:27:34,810 SO I WAS A COMPUTER PROGRAMMER FOR 25 YEARS BEFORE I MANAGED TO 535 00:27:34,810 --> 00:27:38,310 BUNGLE INTO THIS BOOK THAT I WROTE. 536 00:27:38,310 --> 00:27:41,180 I NEVER IMAGINED IT WOULD BE AS SUCCESSFUL AS IT IS. 537 00:27:41,180 --> 00:27:45,320 I'M JUST BASICALLY A SPACE DORK WHO WROTE A STORY EXPECTING A 538 00:27:45,320 --> 00:27:49,740 FEW THOUSAND PEOPLE WHO LOVE SCIENCE TO ENJOY IT AND THAT'S 539 00:27:49,740 --> 00:27:51,730 ABOUT IT. 540 00:27:51,730 --> 00:27:55,630 BUT I CAN TELL YOU THAT 25 YEARS OF BEING A COMPUTER PROGRAMMER 541 00:27:55,630 --> 00:27:57,650 HAS TAUGHT ME ONE IMPORTANT THING. 542 00:27:57,650 --> 00:27:59,900 YOU NEED TO BACK UP YOUR WORK. 543 00:27:59,900 --> 00:28:03,710 SO THAT'S WHY IT'S SO IMPORTANT THAT WE LEARN HOW TO SEND HUMANS 544 00:28:03,710 --> 00:28:04,970 TO OTHER WORLDS. 545 00:28:04,970 --> 00:28:08,770 BECAUSE AS LONG AS OUR ENTIRE SPECIES REMAINS ON A SINGLE 546 00:28:08,770 --> 00:28:12,230 PLANET, WE HAVE A NONZERO CHANCE OF EXTINCTION. 547 00:28:12,230 --> 00:28:15,560 COULD BE A WAR, COULD BE AN ASTEROID OR A PLAGUE, I DON'T 548 00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:16,560 KNOW. 549 00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:19,580 BUT IF WE'RE LIVING ON TWO DIFFERENT WORLDS OR MORE OUR 550 00:28:19,580 --> 00:28:22,200 CHANCE OF DYING OUT DROPS TO BASICALLY ZERO. 551 00:28:22,200 --> 00:28:26,220 NOW, WHEN I WROTE "THE MARTIAN" I HAD ONE HUGE ADVANTAGE AND 552 00:28:26,220 --> 00:28:28,720 THAT I DON'T ACTUALLY HAVE TO BE RIGHT. 553 00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:31,120 I GAVE IT MY BEST SHOT AND I TRIED TO MAKE THE SCIENCE AS 554 00:28:31,120 --> 00:28:32,530 ACCURATE AS POSSIBLE. 555 00:28:32,530 --> 00:28:34,380 BUT IF I'M WRONG, NOBODY DIES. 556 00:28:34,380 --> 00:28:36,020 NOBODY GETS HURT. 557 00:28:36,020 --> 00:28:39,880 ALL I GET IS A FEW NASA FOLKS GLANCING AT THE BOOK ROLLING 558 00:28:39,880 --> 00:28:42,540 THEIR EYES AND SAYING HE GOT THAT WRONG AND THEN THEY MOVE ON 559 00:28:42,540 --> 00:28:43,660 WITH THE STORY. 560 00:28:43,660 --> 00:28:46,540 WAS THERE ARE NUMEROUS PROBLEMS THAT NEED TO BE SOLVED AND 561 00:28:46,540 --> 00:28:50,390 SOLVED CORRECTLY BY THE ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS AT NASA 562 00:28:50,390 --> 00:28:54,380 AND AROUND THE WORLD BEFORE WE CAN GET TO MARS. 563 00:28:54,380 --> 00:28:57,550 FIRST OFF, WE NEED TO FIND OUT HOW TO GET INTO LOWER EARTH 564 00:28:57,550 --> 00:29:02,290 ORBIT CHEAPER THAN WE ARE RIGHT NOW. 565 00:29:02,290 --> 00:29:07,270 HAVING THE SPACE STATION ON THE TRAJECTORY ON ANYTHING 566 00:29:07,270 --> 00:29:11,400 RESEMBLING A REASONABLE BUDGET UNTIL WE HAVE BETTER BOOSTER 567 00:29:11,400 --> 00:29:14,470 TECHNOLOGY. 568 00:29:14,470 --> 00:29:21,350 AND SPACEX AND OTHERS ARE DRIVING THAT PRICE DOWN. 569 00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:24,390 NEXT UP WE NEED A PROPULSION SYSTEM TO GET THERE. 570 00:29:24,390 --> 00:29:28,340 I THINK PROPULSION IS THE WAY TO GO NOT OTHERS AGREE. 571 00:29:28,340 --> 00:29:33,300 OTHERS THINK THAT LUNAR FUEL DEPOTS ARE A GOOD WAY TO MAKE 572 00:29:33,300 --> 00:29:34,650 THINGS HAPPEN. 573 00:29:34,650 --> 00:29:38,060 AND THE IMPORTANT THING IS THAT WE HAVE THESE DISCUSSIONS. 574 00:29:38,060 --> 00:29:40,830 NEXT UP, WE NEED TO DEAL WITH RADIATION. 575 00:29:40,830 --> 00:29:45,980 THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD PROTECTS ISS FROM THE HARMFUL 576 00:29:45,980 --> 00:29:49,550 RADIATION IN DEEP SPACE OR FROM MOST OF IT, BUT A SHIP TRAVELING 577 00:29:49,550 --> 00:29:51,750 TO MARS AND THE ASTRONAUTS TRAVELING TO MARS WOULD HAVE A 578 00:29:51,750 --> 00:29:55,720 SEVERE PROBLEM WITH I. THAT NEEDS TO BE SOLVED AND THE ONLY 579 00:29:55,720 --> 00:29:59,760 WAY WE HAVE TO SOLVE THAT IS BY ADDING MAST TO THE SHIP. 580 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:03,910 AND FINALLY, WE NEED TO DEAL WITH THE PROBLEM OF LONG TERM 581 00:30:03,910 --> 00:30:06,320 HUMAN HABITATION IN SPACE. 582 00:30:06,320 --> 00:30:09,460 THAT'S WHAT THE ASTRONAUTS ABOARD ISS ARE WORKING ON RIGHT 583 00:30:09,460 --> 00:30:10,460 NOW. 584 00:30:10,460 --> 00:30:13,420 MY PERSONAL BELIEF IS THAT WE SHOULD BE WORKING ON CENTRIFUGAL 585 00:30:13,420 --> 00:30:17,820 GRAVITY, BUT IT'S IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU 586 00:30:17,820 --> 00:30:21,920 HAVE AN ASTRONAUT IN SPACE FOR A LONG TIME AND FIND OUT THE 587 00:30:21,920 --> 00:30:24,360 EFFECTS IT HAS ON THE HUMAN BODY. 588 00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:27,490 AS I SAID, FORTUNATELY, I DIDN'T NEED TO GET ANY OF THIS STUFF 589 00:30:27,490 --> 00:30:28,490 RIGHT. 590 00:30:28,490 --> 00:30:29,490 I CAN JUST SPECULATE. 591 00:30:29,490 --> 00:30:31,400 NOTHING BAD HAPPENS IF I GET IT WRONG. 592 00:30:31,400 --> 00:30:33,880 EVERYTHING BAD HAPPENS IF NASA GETS IT WRONG. 593 00:30:33,880 --> 00:30:37,550 THAT'S WHY WE'RE ON OUR JOURNEY NOW TO TRY TO GET ASTRONAUTS TO 594 00:30:37,550 --> 00:30:40,890 MARS IN THE 20, 30s, MAYBE LATER. 595 00:30:40,890 --> 00:30:44,100 AND WE'LL JUST -- WE'LL JUST ALL WORK TOGETHER TO MAKE THAT 596 00:30:44,100 --> 00:30:45,100 HAPPEN. 597 00:30:45,100 --> 00:30:46,840 BACK TO YOU. 598 00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:51,610 [ APPLAUSE ] >> VERY COOL. 599 00:30:51,610 --> 00:30:54,790 THANKS, ANDY. 600 00:30:54,790 --> 00:30:58,080 ACTUALLY VERY GOOD TO VIRTUALLY MEET YOU. 601 00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:01,480 I'M TARA RUTLY AND I HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FOR YOU. 602 00:31:01,480 --> 00:31:04,400 SUBMITTED FROM OUR OWN NASA EMPLOYEES. 603 00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:06,890 SO LET'S FIND OUT WHAT THE NASA FAMILY WOULD LIKE TO HEAR ABOUT. 604 00:31:06,890 --> 00:31:08,240 ARE YOU READY? 605 00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:09,240 >> YEAH. 606 00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:10,240 >> OKAY. 607 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:11,240 LET'S GO. 608 00:31:11,240 --> 00:31:13,120 FIRST QUESTION, THIS ONE IS FROM AMES. 609 00:31:13,120 --> 00:31:16,090 IF YOU HAD THE OPPORTUNITY WOULD YOU GO TO MARS OR AT LEAST A 610 00:31:16,090 --> 00:31:22,110 MARS SIM YOULATION -- SIMULATION STATION? 611 00:31:22,110 --> 00:31:28,490 >> NO, I WRITE ABOUT BRAVE PEOPLE BUT I'M NOT ONE OF THEM. 612 00:31:28,490 --> 00:31:29,490 >> ALL RIGHT. 613 00:31:29,490 --> 00:31:31,150 NO NEED TO ELABORATE. 614 00:31:31,150 --> 00:31:37,610 NUMBER TWO, WHERE DID THE IDEA ORIGINATE FOR YOUR BOOK? 615 00:31:37,610 --> 00:31:38,610 THIS IS FROM HEADQUARTERS. 616 00:31:38,610 --> 00:31:43,470 >> WELL, I WAS -- WELL, I WAS SITTING AROUND IMAGINING HOW A 617 00:31:43,470 --> 00:31:47,440 MANNED SPACE FLIGHT TO MARS COULD GO, USING ONLY REAL 618 00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:48,440 TECHNOLOGY. 619 00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:51,970 AND I STARTED COMING UP WITH OKAY, HOW DO WE GET THEM THERE, 620 00:31:51,970 --> 00:31:54,330 WHAT DO WE DO WITH THEM ONCE THEY'RE THERE, HOW DO WE GET 621 00:31:54,330 --> 00:32:00,070 THEM SAFELY BACK TO EARTH WHAT DO WE DO IF OR THAT BREAKS, YOU 622 00:32:00,070 --> 00:32:04,500 NEED TO ACCOUNT FOR FAILURES ANYBODY AT NASA CAN TELL YOU 623 00:32:04,500 --> 00:32:05,810 THAT. 624 00:32:05,810 --> 00:32:08,310 I STARTED TO REALIZE THAT THE PROBLEMS THAT THE CREW WOULD 625 00:32:08,310 --> 00:32:10,750 FACE AND THE INCREASINGLY DESPERATE THINGS THEY HAD TO DO 626 00:32:10,750 --> 00:32:13,860 TO STAY ALIVE STARTED TO SOUND PRETTY INTERESTING AND MIGHT 627 00:32:13,860 --> 00:32:17,220 MAKE FOR A GREAT STORY SO I CREATED A PROTAGONIST AND 628 00:32:17,220 --> 00:32:23,550 SUBJECTED HIM TO ALL OF THEM. 629 00:32:23,550 --> 00:32:27,110 >> NEXT QUESTION IS FROM JOHNSON SPACE CENTER. 630 00:32:27,110 --> 00:32:33,590 I'M AN ANTHROPOLOGISTS WORKING WITH FOLKS HERE ON MY 631 00:32:33,590 --> 00:32:40,610 DISSERTATION WORK. 632 00:32:40,610 --> 00:32:45,710 WHY DIDN'T THE AIRES 3 CREW HAVE ANOTHER TYPE OF ADVANCED ROBOT 633 00:32:45,710 --> 00:32:48,520 WITH THEM ON MARS? 634 00:32:48,520 --> 00:32:51,840 >> BECAUSE I WAS WRITING A STORY THAT I WANTED TO BE COOL AND 635 00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:52,840 AWESOME. 636 00:32:52,840 --> 00:32:56,150 AND I WAS JUST TRYING TO HARKEN BACK TO THE APOLLO ERA AND PULL 637 00:32:56,150 --> 00:32:57,520 ON THE HEART STRINGS. 638 00:32:57,520 --> 00:33:00,590 IT WASN'T AN ACCURATE REPRESENTATION OF WHAT I THOUGHT 639 00:33:00,590 --> 00:33:03,550 THE MANNED MISSION TO MARS WOULD BE. 640 00:33:03,550 --> 00:33:07,370 IT'S FUNNY THAT I'M ASKED A QUESTION BY AN EXPERT IN THIS 641 00:33:07,370 --> 00:33:08,370 FIELD. 642 00:33:08,370 --> 00:33:11,970 I THINK THE FIRST TIME WE SENT HUMANS TO MARS IT WILL -- FIRST 643 00:33:11,970 --> 00:33:13,970 OFF, IT WILL BE A LARGE INTERNATIONAL EFFORT. 644 00:33:13,970 --> 00:33:16,080 I DOUBT AT THE JUST BE NASA ON ITS OWN. 645 00:33:16,080 --> 00:33:17,670 IT WILL MORE LIKE ISS. 646 00:33:17,670 --> 00:33:21,050 SECOND OFF, I THINK IT WILL BE HUMANS IN MARS ORBIT CONTROLLING 647 00:33:21,050 --> 00:33:22,870 ROBOTS ON THE SURFACE. 648 00:33:22,870 --> 00:33:26,210 SO YOU HAVE HUMAN BRAINS CONTROLLING ROBOTS WITH NO 649 00:33:26,210 --> 00:33:27,210 LATENCY. 650 00:33:27,210 --> 00:33:30,100 I THINK THAT'S GOING TO BE THE SHORTEST ROUTE TO GETTING AS 651 00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:32,330 MUCH SCIENCE AS POSSIBLE OUT OF MARS. 652 00:33:32,330 --> 00:33:38,050 AND SO I THINK THAT IN REAL LIFE AS OPPOSED TO MY STORY, THE 653 00:33:38,050 --> 00:33:41,870 HUMAN ROBOT CONTROLLED -- REMOTE CONTROLLED EXPLORATION OF MARS 654 00:33:41,870 --> 00:33:44,750 IN REAL TIME IS GOING TO BE CRITICAL AND WILL PROBABLY BE 655 00:33:44,750 --> 00:33:47,620 THE FIRST MANNED MARS MISSION. 656 00:33:47,620 --> 00:33:48,620 >> FANTASTIC. 657 00:33:48,620 --> 00:33:49,620 OKAY. 658 00:33:49,620 --> 00:33:50,620 THANK YOU. 659 00:33:50,620 --> 00:33:51,620 THE NEXT QUESTION IS FROM GODDARD. 660 00:33:51,620 --> 00:33:53,870 ANDY, WE LOVED YOUR NOVEL. 661 00:33:53,870 --> 00:33:57,580 I WAS CONFUSED BY THE STRONG STORM THAT COULD POSSIBLY TOPPLE 662 00:33:57,580 --> 00:33:59,710 A SPACECRAFT. 663 00:33:59,710 --> 00:34:02,450 AND SO WAS THE BASIS FOR THIS ACTUAL SURVEY INFORMATION FROM 664 00:34:02,450 --> 00:34:07,530 NASA MISSIONS OR EXTRAPOLATED FROM SOMETHING OR A PLOT TO MOVE 665 00:34:07,530 --> 00:34:09,210 THE STORY ALONG? 666 00:34:09,210 --> 00:34:12,839 THE STRONG STORM ON MARS? 667 00:34:12,839 --> 00:34:16,169 >> I MADE IT ALL UP. 668 00:34:16,169 --> 00:34:20,909 IT WAS -- THERE IS NOTHING -- NOTHING LIKE THAT COULD ACTUALLY 669 00:34:20,909 --> 00:34:23,170 HAPPEN ON THE SURFACE OF MARS. 670 00:34:23,170 --> 00:34:27,350 THE ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY IS ABOUT ONE HALF OF 1% OF EARTH'S 671 00:34:27,350 --> 00:34:30,150 ATMOSPHERE. 150 KILOMETER AN HOUR SAND 672 00:34:30,150 --> 00:34:40,600 STORMS HAPPEN, BUT IT FEELS LIKE A GENTLE BREEZE ON EARTH. 673 00:34:40,600 --> 00:34:45,001 THERE'S AN EXPLOSION, AND THAT CAUSES ALL THE PROBLEMS, BUT IT 674 00:34:45,001 --> 00:34:46,669 JUST WASN'T AS COOL. 675 00:34:46,669 --> 00:34:47,669 IT WASN'T AS INTERESTING. 676 00:34:47,669 --> 00:34:50,570 IT WAS A MAN VERSUS NATURE STORY AND I WANTED NATURE TO GET THE 677 00:34:50,570 --> 00:34:52,040 FIRST PUNCH IN. 678 00:34:52,040 --> 00:34:55,649 I MADE THAT CONCESSION TO REALITY. 679 00:34:55,649 --> 00:34:57,520 I KIND OF REGRET IT. 680 00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:01,610 ESPECIALLY NOW THAT I HAVE CONTACTS ALL OVER AEROSPACE. 681 00:35:01,610 --> 00:35:05,060 I NOW KNOW THERE'S LIGHTNING ON MARS AND THAT COULD HAVE BEEN A 682 00:35:05,060 --> 00:35:07,210 GREAT WAY TO HAVE THE PLOT START OFF. 683 00:35:07,210 --> 00:35:08,210 >> YEAH. 684 00:35:08,210 --> 00:35:10,750 >> BUT I DIDN'T KNOW THAT AT THE TIME. 685 00:35:10,750 --> 00:35:11,860 SO IT IS WHAT IT IS. 686 00:35:11,860 --> 00:35:14,340 BUT IT WAS A DELIBERATE CONCESSION TO NARRATIVE. 687 00:35:14,340 --> 00:35:18,520 I KNEW I WAS LYING AT THE TIME. 688 00:35:18,520 --> 00:35:19,690 >> OH. 689 00:35:19,690 --> 00:35:20,690 VERY GOOD. 690 00:35:20,690 --> 00:35:21,690 OKAY. 691 00:35:21,690 --> 00:35:22,690 BUT WE HAVE ONE MORE QUESTION FOR YOU. 692 00:35:22,690 --> 00:35:27,740 SORRY, WE WON'T GET TO ALL OF THEM, BUT THIS IS FROM MARSHALL. 693 00:35:27,740 --> 00:35:31,119 DO YOU CONSIDER NUCLEAR PROPULSION FOR POWERING THE 694 00:35:31,119 --> 00:35:36,220 HERMES -- >> NUCLEAR THERMAL THAT'S WHERE 695 00:35:36,220 --> 00:35:39,350 YOU USE A NUCLEAR REACTOR TO HEAT UP THE ELEMENT AND SPIT IT 696 00:35:39,350 --> 00:35:40,350 OUT THE BACK? 697 00:35:40,350 --> 00:35:41,350 >> YES. 698 00:35:41,350 --> 00:35:45,490 I'M GETTING NODS FROM THE AUDIENCE YOU'RE CORRECT ON THAT. 699 00:35:45,490 --> 00:35:48,020 >> YEAH, YEAH. 700 00:35:48,020 --> 00:35:51,710 I DON'T KNOW ENOUGH ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NUCLEAR 701 00:35:51,710 --> 00:35:56,050 THERMAL AND MAGNETIC ION PROPULSION. 702 00:35:56,050 --> 00:35:59,170 IN THE BOOK, THEY HAVE BASICALLY BASS AHER DRIVES. 703 00:35:59,170 --> 00:36:02,750 IF NUCLEAR THERMAL IS A BETTER IMPULSE FOR THE PROPELLANT, I 704 00:36:02,750 --> 00:36:04,230 SAY DO THAT. 705 00:36:04,230 --> 00:36:07,590 I DON'T BELIEVE THERE'S ANY WAY TO GO TO MARS WITHOUT A REACTOR 706 00:36:07,590 --> 00:36:08,990 ABOARD THE SHIP. 707 00:36:08,990 --> 00:36:10,860 SO PEOPLE NEED TO ACCEPT THAT. 708 00:36:10,860 --> 00:36:13,960 THEN THE NEXT QUESTION IS WHAT IS IT THAT GETS US THIS WITH THE 709 00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:16,290 LEAST AMOUNT OF PROPELLANT MASS? 710 00:36:16,290 --> 00:36:18,330 SO I GUESS I DON'T KNOW ENOUGH TO ANSWER THAT QUESTION. 711 00:36:18,330 --> 00:36:20,630 BUT I THINK IT SHOULD BE, YOU KNOW, SOMETHING THAT'S ON THE 712 00:36:20,630 --> 00:36:21,740 TABLE AND CONSIDERED. 713 00:36:21,740 --> 00:36:22,740 >> YEAH. 714 00:36:22,740 --> 00:36:23,740 COOL. 715 00:36:23,740 --> 00:36:24,740 THANK YOU. 716 00:36:24,740 --> 00:36:25,740 WELL, THANK YOU, ANDY. 717 00:36:25,740 --> 00:36:26,740 THAT WAS OUR -- THAT WAS ALL THE TIME WE HAVE. 718 00:36:26,740 --> 00:36:29,190 I'M SORRY WE COULDN'T GET TO ALL THE QUESTION, IT WAS A LONG THE 719 00:36:29,190 --> 00:36:32,410 LIST, BUT THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME TODAY. 720 00:36:32,410 --> 00:36:36,460 >> THANKS FOR HAVING ME. 721 00:36:36,460 --> 00:36:40,520 [ APPLAUSE ] >> ALL RIGHT, EVERYONE. 722 00:36:40,520 --> 00:36:47,160 WE HAVE HEARD ANDY'S STORY AND NOW WE'LL HEAR MORE ABOUT THE 723 00:36:47,160 --> 00:36:48,800 NASA MISSION TO MARS STORY. 724 00:36:48,800 --> 00:36:51,070 SO WE'LL HEAR FROM OUR LEADERSHIP. 725 00:36:51,070 --> 00:36:53,790 WE ARE GOING TO MARS AND TO TELL US ABOUT THOSE DIFFERENT THINGS 726 00:36:53,790 --> 00:36:57,330 I'LL TURN IT OVER TO NASA'S OWN DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR DAVID 727 00:36:57,330 --> 00:37:00,510 NEWMAN AND WHILE THEY'RE GETTING READY AND SHE'S GETTING READY IN 728 00:37:00,510 --> 00:37:03,090 THE NEXT PANEL LET'S LOOK AT 729 00:37:03,090 --> 00:37:08,380 NASA'S BRAND-NEW VIDEO ABOUT OUR JOURNEY TO MARS. 730 00:37:08,380 --> 00:37:15,140 >> FOR FIRST TIME SINCE THE APOLLO MOON LANDINGS, NASA IS 731 00:37:15,140 --> 00:37:20,200 PREPARING TO SEND ASTRONAUTS BEYOND EARTH ORBIT. 732 00:37:20,200 --> 00:37:26,470 AND THIS TIME THE MISSION IS THE MOST AMBITIOUS WE HAVE EVER 733 00:37:26,470 --> 00:37:29,360 UNDERTAKEN. 734 00:37:29,360 --> 00:37:40,920 THE JOURNEY TO MARS. 735 00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:43,630 CARRYING OUT THIS JOURNEY WILL REQUIRE BRINGING TOGETHER THE 736 00:37:43,630 --> 00:37:45,630 BEST OF OUR EFFORTS. 737 00:37:45,630 --> 00:37:49,470 FROM ROBOTIC PROBES TO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT TO 738 00:37:49,470 --> 00:37:54,030 ASTRONAUTS IN ORBIT, TO ROBUST NEW SPACE VEHICLES. 739 00:37:54,030 --> 00:37:59,510 THE JOURNEY IS ALREADY UNDERWAY RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW. 740 00:37:59,510 --> 00:38:01,869 ASTRONAUTS ABOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION ARE 741 00:38:01,869 --> 00:38:04,840 LEARNING MORE ABOUT LIVING AND WORKING IN SPACE FOR LONG 742 00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:06,450 PERIODS OF TIME. 743 00:38:06,450 --> 00:38:10,760 VITAL INFORMATION FOR THE CHALLENGING TRIP TO MARS. 744 00:38:10,760 --> 00:38:15,560 TRANSPORTATION TO AND FROM THE STATION WILL BE PROVIDED BY OUR 745 00:38:15,560 --> 00:38:18,620 AMERICAN COMMERCIAL CARGO AND CREW PARTNERS. 746 00:38:18,620 --> 00:38:25,670 NEXT USING THE ORION CREW VEHICLE AND THE LAUNCH ROCKET, 747 00:38:25,670 --> 00:38:29,350 NASA WILL MOVE INTO THE PROVING GROUND OF SPACE, AROUND AND 748 00:38:29,350 --> 00:38:30,540 BEYOND THE MOON. 749 00:38:30,540 --> 00:38:34,690 HERE WE WILL CARRY OUT INCREASINGLY AMBITIOUS MISSIONS 750 00:38:34,690 --> 00:38:38,350 TO TEST OUT NEW SYSTEMS AND CAPABILITIES NEEDED TO REACH 751 00:38:38,350 --> 00:38:39,760 MARS. 752 00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:43,870 LIKE DEEP SPACE HABITATS AND ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS. 753 00:38:43,870 --> 00:38:50,380 EVEN AS WE SPEAK, OUR ROBOTIC SCOUTS ARE ALREADY EXPLORING THE 754 00:38:50,380 --> 00:38:52,300 RED PLANET. 755 00:38:52,300 --> 00:38:55,180 PREPARING THE WAY FOR ASTRONAUTS TO JOIN THEM. 756 00:38:55,180 --> 00:38:58,740 ONCE WE HAVE MATURED OUR CAPABILITIES IN THE PROVING 757 00:38:58,740 --> 00:39:04,220 GROUND, WE'LL BE READY FOR EARTH INDEPENDENCE, REACHING OUR 758 00:39:04,220 --> 00:39:05,660 PLANETARY NEIGHBOR. 759 00:39:05,660 --> 00:39:11,960 NOT JUST AS TEMPORARY VISITORS, BUT AS PIONEERS EXPANDING HUMAN 760 00:39:11,960 --> 00:39:18,710 PRESENCE INTO OUR SOLAR SYSTEM. 761 00:39:18,710 --> 00:39:26,870 [ APPLAUSE ] >> HELLO. 762 00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:34,601 SHOUT OUT TO ALL OF OUR NASA CENTERS FOR JOINING US AND FOR 763 00:39:34,601 --> 00:39:35,670 EVERYONE ELSE. 764 00:39:35,670 --> 00:39:38,520 GOT TO SEE THE LITTLE END TRAILER OF THE VIDEO BE 765 00:39:38,520 --> 00:39:41,820 AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE. 766 00:39:41,820 --> 00:39:45,440 IF YOU'RE WATCHING NASA TV, IN THE PAST HOUR, YOU GOT TO SEE 767 00:39:45,440 --> 00:39:48,050 SOMETHING I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT. 768 00:39:48,050 --> 00:39:49,050 STUDENTS. 769 00:39:49,050 --> 00:39:52,080 AND ALL AROUND THE COUNTRY THROUGH OUR DISTANCE LEARNING 770 00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:57,130 NETWORK THEY GOT TO TAKE THEIR OWN JOURNEY TO MARS WITH AUTHOR 771 00:39:57,130 --> 00:39:58,130 ANDY WEIR. 772 00:39:58,130 --> 00:39:59,330 THANK YOU, ANDY. 773 00:39:59,330 --> 00:40:00,330 AND DR. 774 00:40:00,330 --> 00:40:04,160 CHRIS McKAY FROM NASA, THANK YOU FOR CHRIS FOR WORKING 775 00:40:04,160 --> 00:40:07,120 WITH THE STUDENT, LETTING THEM LIVE THE DREAM. 776 00:40:07,120 --> 00:40:08,700 IT WAS COOL. 777 00:40:08,700 --> 00:40:13,010 WE ARE ALL MARTIANS SO HELLO TO ALL THE FOLKS HERE AT NASA 778 00:40:13,010 --> 00:40:14,140 HEADQUARTERS. 779 00:40:14,140 --> 00:40:18,960 ALL OF US ARE REAL MARTIANS AND WE'RE GOING TO BE CELEBRATING 780 00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:20,920 AND TELLING OUR OWN STORY. 781 00:40:20,920 --> 00:40:24,100 AND IT'S REALLY ALL OF YOU MAKING THIS WORK HAPPEN ON A 782 00:40:24,100 --> 00:40:25,640 DIDLY BASIS -- ON A DAILY BASIS. 783 00:40:25,640 --> 00:40:27,630 I GET TO WELCOME DR. 784 00:40:27,630 --> 00:40:31,450 JIM GREEN WHO YOU ALREADY MET, THE LEAD 785 00:40:31,450 --> 00:40:33,440 GURU MARTIAN IN THIS. 786 00:40:33,440 --> 00:40:36,730 HE'S THE DIRECTOR OF THE PLANETARY SCIENCE DIVISION HERE 787 00:40:36,730 --> 00:40:39,900 AT NASA SCIENCE DIVISION DIRECTORATE. 788 00:40:39,900 --> 00:40:44,980 NEXT TO HIM IS JEFF TEE HI, AND OFFICER FROM OUR SPACE 789 00:40:44,980 --> 00:40:47,350 TECHNOLOGY MISSION DIRECT. 790 00:40:47,350 --> 00:40:54,830 AND THEN FROM HUMAN EXPLORATIONS 791 00:40:54,830 --> 00:40:57,300 AND OPERATIONS MISSION DIRECTORATE. 792 00:40:57,300 --> 00:41:01,440 LOOKING FORWARD TO JOINING THEM IN A PANEL BUT FIRST I WANT TO 793 00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:04,960 TELL YOU WHERE I HAVE BEEN AND QUICK SNIPPET TO THE LAST FEW 794 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:05,960 MONTHS. 795 00:41:05,960 --> 00:41:07,700 I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO TRAVEL TO ALL OF OUR NASA CENTERS. 796 00:41:07,700 --> 00:41:10,230 AND I HAVE TO TELL YOU I'M OVERWHELMED WITH ALL THE 797 00:41:10,230 --> 00:41:11,710 PROGRESS WE'RE MAKING TO MARS. 798 00:41:11,710 --> 00:41:15,020 I CAME HERE, I'M FOCUSED ON THE EXPLORATION, TECHNOLOGY, 799 00:41:15,020 --> 00:41:18,440 INNOVATION AND EDUCATION AND WE'RE THERE. 800 00:41:18,440 --> 00:41:19,440 THIS IS HARDWARE. 801 00:41:19,440 --> 00:41:20,440 THIS IS SOFTWARE. 802 00:41:20,440 --> 00:41:21,440 IT IS BEING BUILT. 803 00:41:21,440 --> 00:41:23,609 I GOT TO SEE THE SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM. 804 00:41:23,609 --> 00:41:24,869 IT'S REALLY BIG. 805 00:41:24,869 --> 00:41:27,760 GOT TO SEE IT BEING MANUFACTURED. 806 00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:32,660 THIS HEAVY LIFT LAUNCH CAPABILITY, IT'S REALLY COME ON. 807 00:41:32,660 --> 00:41:36,390 OF COURSE IT'S ACCOMPANIED BY THE ORION VEHICLE THAT JUST THIS 808 00:41:36,390 --> 00:41:39,080 WEEK THE TWO HALVES CAME TOGETHER OR WERE WELDED. 809 00:41:39,080 --> 00:41:41,880 THAT'S IMPORTANT WHEN YOU'RE IN A SPACE VEHICLE. 810 00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:44,300 YOU WANT YOUR HALVES TO COME TOGETHER AND BE WELDED. 811 00:41:44,300 --> 00:41:47,670 ALSO I GOT TO SEE THE RS 25 ENGINE FIRING. 812 00:41:47,670 --> 00:41:51,310 YEAH, I'M AN AEROSPACE ENGINEER SO I HAVE SEEN LAUNCHES, I HAVE 813 00:41:51,310 --> 00:41:52,310 FLOWN A LOT OF EXPERIMENTS. 814 00:41:52,310 --> 00:41:57,460 BUT I GO TO KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, IT WENT UP. 815 00:41:57,460 --> 00:42:02,150 SO TO SEE AN ENGINE FIRING, NOTHING GOES UP. 816 00:42:02,150 --> 00:42:03,540 IT STAYS ON THE GROUND. 817 00:42:03,540 --> 00:42:07,090 THAT'S A LOT OF CONCRETE, RIGHT TO KEEP EVERYTHING DOWN AND THE 818 00:42:07,090 --> 00:42:10,560 SMOKE THAT COMES OUT THE BACK IS WATER VAPORATE. 819 00:42:10,560 --> 00:42:12,730 WHICH IS GREAT. 820 00:42:12,730 --> 00:42:17,950 THIS IS TO GET US TO MARS. 821 00:42:17,950 --> 00:42:21,170 THESE ARE THE VEHICLES THAT'LL TAKE US THERE. 822 00:42:21,170 --> 00:42:23,859 SO IN MANY WAYS WE'LL KIND OF IN A TEACHABLE MOMENT WHEN IT COMES 823 00:42:23,859 --> 00:42:25,390 TO MARS. 824 00:42:25,390 --> 00:42:26,390 GREAT MOVIE. 825 00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:27,570 I'M USUALLY A CRITIC. 826 00:42:27,570 --> 00:42:31,150 I LOVE JIM -- OKAY, LEAVE YOUR CRITIQUE AT HOME. 827 00:42:31,150 --> 00:42:32,500 GO TO THE MOVIE AND ENJOY IT. 828 00:42:32,500 --> 00:42:33,500 I'M GUILTY OF THAT. 829 00:42:33,500 --> 00:42:34,970 THEY HAVE THE PHYSICS WRONG. 830 00:42:34,970 --> 00:42:36,310 THANKS TO ANDY. 831 00:42:36,310 --> 00:42:39,150 THIS IS A WELL RESEARCHED MOVIE. 832 00:42:39,150 --> 00:42:43,210 IT HAS A LOT OF -- YOU KNOW, GREAT FACTUAL THINGS. 833 00:42:43,210 --> 00:42:45,310 AND ONE MORE THING MAYBE HE GOT RIGHT. 834 00:42:45,310 --> 00:42:47,960 THE JOURNEY JUST TO NOTE THE COMMANDER OF THE MISSION IS A 835 00:42:47,960 --> 00:42:49,070 WOMAN. 836 00:42:49,070 --> 00:42:50,820 SO MAYBE HE GOT THAT RIGHT. 837 00:42:50,820 --> 00:42:52,930 THANKS, ANDY. 838 00:42:52,930 --> 00:42:59,280 SO AS YOU KNOW, NASA FOLKS WORKED WITH THE MOVIE FOLKS TO 839 00:42:59,280 --> 00:43:01,700 AGAIN TO TRY TO GET IT AS REALISTIC AND ACCURATE AS 840 00:43:01,700 --> 00:43:05,110 POSSIBLE SO WE CAN BE HAPPY WITH THAT. 841 00:43:05,110 --> 00:43:08,790 AND I WANT TO HIGHLIGHT JUST A LITTLE BIT OF NASA TECHNOLOGY 842 00:43:08,790 --> 00:43:09,790 AND INNOVATION. 843 00:43:09,790 --> 00:43:11,590 YOU START WITH THE BASICS SO ENERGY. 844 00:43:11,590 --> 00:43:17,100 IM PROPULSION HAS BEEN MENTIONED BUT THAT'S WHAT NASA IS DOING, 845 00:43:17,100 --> 00:43:18,860 WE ARE TESTING IT. 846 00:43:18,860 --> 00:43:22,970 I GOT TO SEE THAT AT GLENN RESEARCH CENTER. 847 00:43:22,970 --> 00:43:26,360 LIKE A SOFT BREEZE, RIGHT? 848 00:43:26,360 --> 00:43:32,300 LOW FORCE, BUT THAT CONSTANT ACCELERATION CAN GET YOU GOING 849 00:43:32,300 --> 00:43:33,300 REALLY FAST. 850 00:43:33,300 --> 00:43:34,300 CONSTANTLY ACCELERATING. 851 00:43:34,300 --> 00:43:37,280 NOW WE'RE TALKING ABOUT 200,000 MILES PER HOUR. 852 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:38,870 A LOT OF FORCE. 853 00:43:38,870 --> 00:43:41,860 MAKING THE INVESTMENTS FOR THE NEXT STEP. 854 00:43:41,860 --> 00:43:45,500 BEYOND EARTH ORBIT AND THEN EVENTUALLY TO MARS. 855 00:43:45,500 --> 00:43:47,780 LEARNED ABOUT RTGs, RIGHT. 856 00:43:47,780 --> 00:43:54,700 RADIO -- RADIO ISOTOPE ELECTRONIC -- BATTERIES, WE HAVE 857 00:43:54,700 --> 00:43:57,320 USED THEM IN TWO MISSIONS. 858 00:43:57,320 --> 00:44:07,250 OF COURSE WE NEED THE NEXT GENERATION ONES BUT IT'S REAL. 859 00:44:07,250 --> 00:44:08,359 YOU KNOW, THE HARDWARE IS REAL. 860 00:44:08,359 --> 00:44:09,490 THE SOFTWARE IS REAL. 861 00:44:09,490 --> 00:44:11,060 WE'RE ON MARS TODAY. 862 00:44:11,060 --> 00:44:15,930 YOU CAN DO SOME SERIOUS KIND OF CRAZY MANEUVERS. 863 00:44:15,930 --> 00:44:19,230 AND RECENT RTGs ON THE DAWN SPACECRAFT, DWARF PLANETS ARE MY 864 00:44:19,230 --> 00:44:20,609 FAVORITE THIS SUMMER. 865 00:44:20,609 --> 00:44:27,090 FUN TO CELEBRATE THE SPACE -- AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM. 866 00:44:27,090 --> 00:44:28,930 ENVIRONMENTALLY CLOSED LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM. 867 00:44:28,930 --> 00:44:32,690 SO RIGHT ON STATION, WE HAVE THE OXYGEN GENERATION SYSTEM. 868 00:44:32,690 --> 00:44:35,230 IT'S WORKING MOST OF THE TIME. 869 00:44:35,230 --> 00:44:39,450 WHAT'S THE BREAK THROUGH, WELL, IN MARS 2020 WE'RE FLYING MOXIE. 870 00:44:39,450 --> 00:44:41,410 HOW COOL IS THAT? 871 00:44:41,410 --> 00:44:43,260 CARBON DIOXIDE, ATMOSPHERE FROM MARS. 872 00:44:43,260 --> 00:44:46,890 KIND OF SQUEEZING -- NOT SURE HOW WE'LL SQUEEZE IT. 873 00:44:46,890 --> 00:44:47,890 WE HAVE OXYGEN. 874 00:44:47,890 --> 00:44:50,530 NOT ENOUGH FOR HUMANS, BUT A LITTLE TEST, YOU KNOW? 875 00:44:50,530 --> 00:44:52,550 WE'RE GOING TO MAKE OXYGEN ON ANOTHER PLANET. 876 00:44:52,550 --> 00:44:56,180 THE FIRST TIME TO MAKE OXYGEN ON ANOTHER PLANET AND WE'RE DOING 877 00:44:56,180 --> 00:44:57,220 IT. 878 00:44:57,220 --> 00:44:58,220 AND GET TO THE WATER. 879 00:44:58,220 --> 00:44:59,220 WE NEED WATER, RIGHT? 880 00:44:59,220 --> 00:45:02,850 AIR, WATER IS ESSENTIAL FOR A LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM SO UP ON 881 00:45:02,850 --> 00:45:05,420 STATION WE HAVE THE WATER RECLAMATION SYSTEM. 882 00:45:05,420 --> 00:45:09,710 YES, WE ARE RECYCLING URINE, YOUR BATH WATER, YOU KNOW, 883 00:45:09,710 --> 00:45:10,950 YOU'RE BRUSHING YOUR TEETH. 884 00:45:10,950 --> 00:45:13,620 BUT WHAT'S THE NEXT GENERATION? 885 00:45:13,620 --> 00:45:15,480 WE HAVE TO RECYCLE A LOT OF WATER. 886 00:45:15,480 --> 00:45:18,510 NOW, WHEN WE GET TO MARS, YOU KNOW, CAN WE GET SOME OF THAT 887 00:45:18,510 --> 00:45:21,230 FROZEN ICE ON THE SUB SURFACE, PROBABLY. 888 00:45:21,230 --> 00:45:23,390 BUT LET'S PACK OUR WATER IN CASE. 889 00:45:23,390 --> 00:45:25,940 IT'S GOOD FROM THE ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE. 890 00:45:25,940 --> 00:45:28,650 IF WE CAN MAKE IT, GREAT. 891 00:45:28,650 --> 00:45:29,650 THEN FOOD. 892 00:45:29,650 --> 00:45:34,060 HOPEFULLY, YOU WERE ALL WATCHING AUGUST 10th, FARMING IN SPACE, 893 00:45:34,060 --> 00:45:35,060 RIGHT? 894 00:45:35,060 --> 00:45:36,060 THE ASTRONAUTS GOT TO EAT THE LETTUCE. 895 00:45:36,060 --> 00:45:39,650 I THINK IT'S KIND OF SMALL LETTUCE, BUT IT WILL GET BIGGER. 896 00:45:39,650 --> 00:45:46,500 THE TECHNOLOGIES ARE REAL, THEY'RE LOOKING AT FRESH FOOD 897 00:45:46,500 --> 00:45:47,500 PRODUCTION. 898 00:45:47,500 --> 00:45:52,119 AND SO THANK YOU TO ALL OF YOU IN THE AUDIENCE AND ALL OF OUR 899 00:45:52,119 --> 00:45:53,119 CENTERS. 900 00:45:53,119 --> 00:45:55,700 WE ARE THE REAL MARTIANS AND NOW I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO LEARNING 901 00:45:55,700 --> 00:45:56,700 MORE. 902 00:45:56,700 --> 00:46:10,980 SO I'LL TURN IT OVER TO 903 00:46:10,980 --> 00:46:11,980 THE PANEL. 904 00:46:11,980 --> 00:46:12,980 THANK YOU. 905 00:46:12,980 --> 00:46:13,980 [ APPLAUSE ] >> GREAT. 906 00:46:13,980 --> 00:46:14,980 >> OKAY. 907 00:46:14,980 --> 00:46:15,980 I'LL -- MY NAME IS GREG WILLIAMS. 908 00:46:15,980 --> 00:46:17,220 I'M DEPUTY ASSOCIATE MINISTER FOR POLICY AND PLANS. 909 00:46:17,220 --> 00:46:21,010 YOU SAW IN THE VIDEO A -- AT THE VERY END OUR STRATEGY FOR GOING 910 00:46:21,010 --> 00:46:25,370 TO MARS WHICH IS A GIANT SQUID ATTACK. 911 00:46:25,370 --> 00:46:27,130 IT WILL BE VERY EFFECTIVE. 912 00:46:27,130 --> 00:46:30,240 WHAT'S REPRESENTED AS YOU GO FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN THAT 913 00:46:30,240 --> 00:46:33,340 PICTURE OUR CAPABILITIES WE'RE BUILDING TODAY. 914 00:46:33,340 --> 00:46:35,510 IT STARTS OF COURSE WITH THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 915 00:46:35,510 --> 00:46:38,990 WHICH AS CHARLIE MENTIONED WE'RE OCCUPIED IN FOR THE LAST 15 916 00:46:38,990 --> 00:46:39,990 YEARS. 917 00:46:39,990 --> 00:46:44,230 YESTERDAY WE PASSED THE HALFWAY POINT FOR THE ONE-YEAR MISSION 918 00:46:44,230 --> 00:46:45,510 WHICH IS TREMENDOUSLY EXCITING. 919 00:46:45,510 --> 00:46:49,580 THERE WAS A GREAT LUNCH TIME TALK TODAY ABOUT THE TWIN STUDY 920 00:46:49,580 --> 00:46:54,600 THAT WAS ONGOING AND THE DISCOVERIES MADE IN THE LAST TWO 921 00:46:54,600 --> 00:46:57,000 YEARS IN FUNDAMENTAL BIOLOGY. 922 00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,619 IT DERIVES FROM THE SAMPLE SIZE OF ONE OR TWO. 923 00:46:59,619 --> 00:47:01,030 PRETTY REMARKABLE. 924 00:47:01,030 --> 00:47:06,550 THOSE -- THOSE SPACE STATION MISSIONS INCREMENTS ARE SUPPLIED 925 00:47:06,550 --> 00:47:09,540 BY A COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAM WHICH IS CURRENTLY IN 926 00:47:09,540 --> 00:47:10,540 DEVELOPMENT. 927 00:47:10,540 --> 00:47:12,680 WE PASSED THE ONE YEAR MILESTONE SINCE THOSE CONTRACTS WERE 928 00:47:12,680 --> 00:47:13,680 AWARDED. 929 00:47:13,680 --> 00:47:18,220 AND BOEING AND SPACEX ARE OFF AND RUNNING WITH THEIR SYSTEMS. 930 00:47:18,220 --> 00:47:23,180 SPACEX AND ORBITAL ARE TRYING AGAIN AFTER THE TOUGH LUCK THIS 931 00:47:23,180 --> 00:47:28,280 PAST YEAR BUT THEY'RE NOT STOPPING, THEY'RE PRESSING ON. 932 00:47:28,280 --> 00:47:32,920 AND THAT WILL RESUME AGAIN THIS FALL. 933 00:47:32,920 --> 00:47:35,070 WE HAVE ONE BEING BUILT. 934 00:47:35,070 --> 00:47:41,510 WE FLEW FT-1 AND WE LEARNED A GREAT DEAL IN THAT ABOUT HOW THE 935 00:47:41,510 --> 00:47:44,430 ORION VEHICLE IS GOING TO PERFORM IN THE RETURN FROM MARS 936 00:47:44,430 --> 00:47:47,140 TYPE VELOCITIES THROUGH THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. 937 00:47:47,140 --> 00:47:49,609 WHAT'S REALLY EXCITING ABOUT HEADQUARTERS TYPE, WE OBSESS 938 00:47:49,609 --> 00:47:55,880 OVER THE DIVISION MEMOS AND ALL THAT. 939 00:47:55,880 --> 00:47:58,750 WE KIND OF FORGET WHAT THE CENTER FOLKS ALREADY KNOW. 940 00:47:58,750 --> 00:48:04,290 WHICH THOUGH WE'RE DOING THE PDRs REAL HARDWARE IS BEING 941 00:48:04,290 --> 00:48:05,290 DEVELOPED. 942 00:48:05,290 --> 00:48:09,170 BEING FABRICATED AND BEING WELDED AND BEING SHIPPED AROUND 943 00:48:09,170 --> 00:48:11,030 TO THE CENTERS AND TESTED. 944 00:48:11,030 --> 00:48:14,090 DAVID MENTIONED THE RF-25 FIRINGS, THERE ARE SEVEN OF 945 00:48:14,090 --> 00:48:15,090 THOSE NOW. 946 00:48:15,090 --> 00:48:20,320 WE'LL PULL OUT THIS NEXT YEAR THE -- THEY'LL FLY ON THE SLS 947 00:48:20,320 --> 00:48:22,170 AND TEST THOSE. 948 00:48:22,170 --> 00:48:24,650 WE REFER TO THOSE AS RS 25s. 949 00:48:24,650 --> 00:48:27,780 THEY'RE NO LONGER SSME'S. 950 00:48:27,780 --> 00:48:30,320 SO THEY'RE BEING TESTED IN A SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM FLIGHT 951 00:48:30,320 --> 00:48:36,510 PROFILE WITH SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM FUEL PRESSURES AND REALLY MAKING 952 00:48:36,510 --> 00:48:38,400 PROGRESS WITH THOSE AND OFF AND RUNNING. 953 00:48:38,400 --> 00:48:42,710 ORION AS DAVE MENTIONED EARLIER, CONE PANELS ARE BEING FABRICATE 954 00:48:42,710 --> 00:48:44,200 AND WELDED. 955 00:48:44,200 --> 00:48:45,830 HATCH PANELS BEING FABRICATED. 956 00:48:45,830 --> 00:48:48,310 THAT HARDWARE IS FLOWING. 957 00:48:48,310 --> 00:48:53,920 THERE'S -- IF YOU SAW THE VIDEO OF THE FLAT PLATFORM BEING 958 00:48:53,920 --> 00:48:57,430 SHIPPED DOWN THE HIGHWAY TO KENNEDY SPACE CENTER THE 959 00:48:57,430 --> 00:49:01,450 VERTICAL ASSEMBLY BUILDING IS BEING REOUTFITTED FOR STACKING 960 00:49:01,450 --> 00:49:05,080 AND ASSEMBLING FOR THE SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM. 961 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:09,310 SO IT COULD BARELY MAKE THE BIG CONCERNS AROUND THE TURNS IS 962 00:49:09,310 --> 00:49:11,080 FIRST OF SEVERAL BEING DELIVERED. 963 00:49:11,080 --> 00:49:15,800 SO IT'S REALLY EXCITING TO ME THAT THIS IS NOT A PAPER 964 00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:16,800 PROGRAM. 965 00:49:17,800 --> 00:49:18,800 WITH REAL HARDWARE BEING BUILT. 966 00:49:18,800 --> 00:49:20,250 WE HAVE A LONG WAY TO GO. 967 00:49:20,250 --> 00:49:22,450 BUT WE'RE OFF AND RUNNING. 968 00:49:22,450 --> 00:49:26,580 AND SO THANK YOU TO ALL PEOPLE WHO ARE WORKING AT THE CENTERS 969 00:49:26,580 --> 00:49:29,030 AND EVEN HERE AT HEADQUARTERS. 970 00:49:29,030 --> 00:49:30,030 WE'RE DOING IT TOGETHER. 971 00:49:30,030 --> 00:49:31,200 WE'RE GOING TO MAKE IT HAPPEN. 972 00:49:31,200 --> 00:49:33,310 AND THIS NEXT SEVERAL YEARS IS GOING TO BE REALLY EXCITING. 973 00:49:33,310 --> 00:49:39,360 IT WILL BE PRESSED TOWARD THE ONE MISSION AND THEN THE M 2 974 00:49:39,360 --> 00:49:40,360 MISSION. 975 00:49:40,360 --> 00:49:41,670 >> THANKS, GREG. 976 00:49:41,670 --> 00:49:44,130 YEAH, TELL US MORE ABOUT THE TECHNOLOGY. 977 00:49:44,130 --> 00:49:45,130 >> SURE. 978 00:49:45,130 --> 00:49:46,340 YEAH, GLAD TOO. 979 00:49:46,340 --> 00:49:50,230 I'M THE SENIOR TECHNICAL OFFICER OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY. 980 00:49:50,230 --> 00:49:55,460 I'M SITTING HERE BETWEEN MISSION DIRECTORS AND OPERATIONS MISSION 981 00:49:55,460 --> 00:49:56,830 DIRECTORATE. 982 00:49:56,830 --> 00:50:01,630 OUR JOB IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY, ONE OF OUR KEY JOBS IS TO PROVIDE 983 00:50:01,630 --> 00:50:05,849 THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES, THE NEW CAPABILITIES SO THESE GUYS CAN 984 00:50:05,849 --> 00:50:07,830 CARRY OUT THE MISSIONS THEY WANT TO DO. 985 00:50:07,830 --> 00:50:10,380 SO LOOK AT THIS JOURNEY TO MARS. 986 00:50:10,380 --> 00:50:14,350 YOU KNOW, I GOT UP THIS MORNING, I HAD THE NICE EAST FACING 987 00:50:14,350 --> 00:50:15,650 WINDOWS, I LOOKED OUT THERE. 988 00:50:15,650 --> 00:50:17,550 IT WAS BEFORE DAWN. 989 00:50:17,550 --> 00:50:18,970 VERY BRIGHT STAR. 990 00:50:18,970 --> 00:50:20,680 THAT WAS VENUS IN THE SKY. 991 00:50:20,680 --> 00:50:25,760 I LOOKED DOWN AND TO THE LEFT FROM VENUS, THERE WAS MARS IN 992 00:50:25,760 --> 00:50:27,710 THE MORNING SKY. 993 00:50:27,710 --> 00:50:30,930 I ACTUALLY JUST FINISHED READING THE BOOK RECENTLY. 994 00:50:30,930 --> 00:50:33,240 SO IT IS A PAGE TURNER. 995 00:50:33,240 --> 00:50:34,240 A GRIPPING STORY. 996 00:50:34,240 --> 00:50:35,950 I RECOMMEND IT. 997 00:50:35,950 --> 00:50:38,960 SO, YOU KNOW, LOOKING AT MARS THERE. 998 00:50:38,960 --> 00:50:43,700 I'M THINKING PEOPLE ARE GOING TO BE WALKING AROUND THERE. 999 00:50:43,700 --> 00:50:50,330 AND WE CAN BE INVOLVED IN MAKING THAT HAPPEN. 1000 00:50:50,330 --> 00:50:54,109 THE GRIPPING STORY OF MARK WATNEY AND HIM BEING STRANDED ON 1001 00:50:54,109 --> 00:50:58,640 MARS KIND OF THE -- IMMERSED US IN THINKING WHAT IT IS LIKE TO 1002 00:50:58,640 --> 00:51:00,220 LIVE THERE. 1003 00:51:00,220 --> 00:51:11,760 HE'S THE MAIN CHARACTER AND YOU CAN SEE TECHNOLOGY IS NEEDED FOR 1004 00:51:11,760 --> 00:51:12,869 THE MARS MISSION. 1005 00:51:12,869 --> 00:51:26,390 REALLY OUR CHARACTERS IN THE BOOK. 1006 00:51:26,390 --> 00:51:32,450 THE CHARACTERS, HOW HE INTERACTS? 1007 00:51:32,450 --> 00:51:39,760 THIS, HOW HE TREATS THEM AND IT'S A BIG PART OF THE BOOK, SO 1008 00:51:39,760 --> 00:51:43,540 IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY OUR JOB IS TO PROVIDE THOSE TECHNOLOGIES. 1009 00:51:43,540 --> 00:51:48,010 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT A JOURNEY TO MARS, I'D LIKE TO GET BEHIND 1010 00:51:48,010 --> 00:51:53,330 US THERE, IT SEEMS -- IT SHOULD HAVE SOME MUSIC WITH IT OR 1011 00:51:53,330 --> 00:51:57,090 SOMETHING, BUT IT'S REALLY ABOUT -- YOU HAVE TO GET THERE, 1012 00:51:57,090 --> 00:52:00,270 YOU HAVE TO LAND THERE, WHICH IS HARDER THAN IT SOUNDS LIKE IT 1013 00:52:00,270 --> 00:52:01,270 OUGHT TO BE. 1014 00:52:01,270 --> 00:52:04,070 JIM KNOWS THAT FROM LANDING A LOT OF THINGS ON MARS OVER THE 1015 00:52:04,070 --> 00:52:06,430 YEARS AND THEN YOU HAVE TO LIVE THERE. 1016 00:52:06,430 --> 00:52:10,040 THE BOOK IS ALL ABOUT REALLY LIVING THERE. 1017 00:52:10,040 --> 00:52:13,750 SO FROM SPACE TECH, WE'RE DEVELOPING THE TECHNOLOGIES THAT 1018 00:52:13,750 --> 00:52:15,320 ARE GOING TO ALLOW US TO DO ALL THOSE THINGS. 1019 00:52:15,320 --> 00:52:18,150 GETTING THERE, WE'RE LOOKING AT HIGH POWERED SOLAR ELECTRIC 1020 00:52:18,150 --> 00:52:19,359 PROPULSION. 1021 00:52:19,359 --> 00:52:21,920 THE DAWN PROBE THAT WAS MENTIONED EARLIER, IT'S 1022 00:52:21,920 --> 00:52:26,490 CURRENTLY AROUND CERIS. 1023 00:52:26,490 --> 00:52:34,780 TO MOVE THE CARGO, WE NEED MORE THAN THAT WE'LL NEED A HUNDRED 1024 00:52:34,780 --> 00:52:36,620 KILOWATTS, MAYBE A FEW HUNDRED KILOWATTS. 1025 00:52:36,620 --> 00:52:41,640 SO WE HAVE A SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION PROGRAM THAT'S 1026 00:52:41,640 --> 00:52:42,880 DEVELOPING THE TECHNOLOGIES. 1027 00:52:42,880 --> 00:52:44,710 HIGHER POWER SOLAR ARRAYS. 1028 00:52:44,710 --> 00:52:46,609 HIGH POWER THRUSTERS. 1029 00:52:46,609 --> 00:52:49,810 HIGHER UNITS THAT CAN AND WHATTAL THE -- THAT CAN HANDLE 1030 00:52:49,810 --> 00:52:50,810 THE POWER. 1031 00:52:50,810 --> 00:52:53,710 TECHNOLOGY IS NEEDED TO LAND THERE. 1032 00:52:53,710 --> 00:52:57,670 WE HAVE A WHOLE SUITE OF PROJECTS THAT ARE LOOKING AT 1033 00:52:57,670 --> 00:53:02,580 SUPER SCIENCE DECELERATION DEVICES, SUPERSONIC RETRO 1034 00:53:02,580 --> 00:53:03,940 PROPULSION. 1035 00:53:03,940 --> 00:53:08,270 DIFFERENT MEANS OF LANDING LARGE PAYLOADS ON MARS, THE BIGGEST 1036 00:53:08,270 --> 00:53:11,800 PAYLOAD JIM HAS LANDED ON MARS IS I THINK ABOUT A METRIC TON, 1037 00:53:11,800 --> 00:53:12,800 RIGHT? 1038 00:53:12,800 --> 00:53:17,030 AND FOR GREG'S NEEDS OVER THE COMING DECADE OR TWO WE'LL NEED 1039 00:53:17,030 --> 00:53:19,190 TO LAND ABOUT 20 METRIC TONS. 1040 00:53:19,190 --> 00:53:22,630 SO THAT'S A LOT MORE PAYLOAD TO PUT ON MARS. 1041 00:53:22,630 --> 00:53:25,580 YOU'LL NEED DIFFERENT SORTS OF DECELERATION DEVICES. 1042 00:53:25,580 --> 00:53:30,650 WE HAVE PROGRAMS AT JPL, AT AMES, AND AT LANGLEY, AT 1043 00:53:30,650 --> 00:53:33,670 JOHNSON, LOOKING AT THE DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES NEEDED 1044 00:53:33,670 --> 00:53:35,470 FOR LANDING ON MARS. 1045 00:53:35,470 --> 00:53:36,660 LIVING ON MARS. 1046 00:53:36,660 --> 00:53:40,330 DAVID MENTIONED THE OXYGEN, ISRU EXPERIMENT. 1047 00:53:40,330 --> 00:53:43,500 WE CALL IT MOXIE, AS A NAME. 1048 00:53:43,500 --> 00:53:48,070 SO YOU'LL SEE THE PROTAGONIST IN THE BOOK HAS A LOT OF MOXIE. 1049 00:53:48,070 --> 00:53:51,540 SO WE'LL SUCK IN THE MARS ATMOSPHERE, WHICH IS CO 2 AND 1050 00:53:51,540 --> 00:53:53,330 MAKE OXYGEN. 1051 00:53:53,330 --> 00:53:56,720 IT'S A TECH DEMO AND IT WILL FIT ON JIM'S NEXT ROVER SO IT WILL 1052 00:53:56,720 --> 00:54:00,730 BE PRETTY SMALL, SO WE DEMONSTRATE THAT IT WORKS ON 1053 00:54:00,730 --> 00:54:04,570 MARS, YOU HAVE OXYGEN YOU ASK BREATH. 1054 00:54:04,570 --> 00:54:07,390 YOU'VE GOT OXYGEN YOU CAN USE FOR PROPULSION. 1055 00:54:07,390 --> 00:54:12,070 WE HAVE LOOKED AT ADVANCES IN SPACE SUITS. 1056 00:54:12,070 --> 00:54:15,040 SPACE SUITS PLAY A BIG ROLE, HOW HE USES THEM FOR DIFFERENT 1057 00:54:15,040 --> 00:54:16,040 PURPOSES. 1058 00:54:16,040 --> 00:54:18,800 EVEN CUTS THEM UP AND USES THE FABRIC FOR DIFFERENT THINGS. 1059 00:54:18,800 --> 00:54:22,900 WE HAVE LOOKED AT ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE LIFE 1060 00:54:22,900 --> 00:54:26,500 SUPPORT SYSTEMS THAT DAVID MENTIONED. 1061 00:54:26,500 --> 00:54:30,520 SO THERE'S HIGH BAND WIDTH COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES. 1062 00:54:30,520 --> 00:54:33,760 THERE'S HIGH PRECISION NAVIGATION TECHNOLOGIES. 1063 00:54:33,760 --> 00:54:38,050 THERE'S ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE AND POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY. 1064 00:54:38,050 --> 00:54:41,869 SO ALL OF THE THINGS YOU NEED TO GET THERE, TO LAND THERE, TO 1065 00:54:41,869 --> 00:54:43,840 EXIST THERE ON MARS. 1066 00:54:43,840 --> 00:54:46,500 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DEVELOP IN SPACE TECHNICIAN 1067 00:54:46,500 --> 00:54:48,210 SPACE DIRECTORATE. 1068 00:54:48,210 --> 00:54:53,760 >> SO KIM, TELL US ABOUT -- THANK YOU FOR YOUR EARLIER TALK, 1069 00:54:53,760 --> 00:54:57,700 BUT WHAT ELSE DO WE NEED TO KNOW SO WE CAN BE BEST INFORMED. 1070 00:54:57,700 --> 00:55:02,089 >> ALL RIGHT, FROM A SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE THIS IS ACTUALLY THE 1071 00:55:02,089 --> 00:55:06,839 50th YEAR OF OUR VERY FIRST PROBE, MARINER 4. 1072 00:55:06,839 --> 00:55:11,880 LOOP BY MARS AND WHAT IT SAW, WAS A REGION MUCH MORE 1073 00:55:11,880 --> 00:55:12,880 MOONLIGHT. 1074 00:55:12,880 --> 00:55:16,320 THE SCIENTISTS WERE INCREDIBLY DEPRESSED BUT WE KEPT GOING BACK 1075 00:55:16,320 --> 00:55:20,760 TO MARS AND WE KEPT REALIZING HOW DIVERSE IT REALLY IS. 1076 00:55:20,760 --> 00:55:23,480 HOW FASCINATING IT REALLY IS. 1077 00:55:23,480 --> 00:55:24,480 IT'S BEAUTIFUL VISTAS. 1078 00:55:24,480 --> 00:55:27,720 S GOT HUGE CANYONS -- IT'S GOT HUGE CANYONS THAT MAKE THE GRAND 1079 00:55:27,720 --> 00:55:31,070 CANYON LOOK ITTY BITTY. 1080 00:55:31,070 --> 00:55:34,320 IF IT'S STRETCHED ACROSS THE UNITED STATES, IT WOULD 1081 00:55:34,320 --> 00:55:37,700 LITERALLY OPEN UP THE PACIFIC TO THE ATLANTIC. 1082 00:55:37,700 --> 00:55:43,630 YOU KNOW, MARK WATNEY IN THE BOOK SITS AT A AN -- AN AREA ON 1083 00:55:43,630 --> 00:55:47,580 MARS AND WATCHING THE SUN SET AND IT'S SO BEAUTIFUL BECAUSE HE 1084 00:55:47,580 --> 00:55:48,600 CAN. 1085 00:55:48,600 --> 00:55:51,400 HE REALLY ENJOYS THE ENVIRONMENT HE'S IN. 1086 00:55:51,400 --> 00:55:54,920 IT'S ABSOLUTELY ASTOUNDING IN MANY WAYS. 1087 00:55:54,920 --> 00:55:58,990 WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ABOUT MARS IN TALKING WITH ANDY ABOUT THE 1088 00:55:58,990 --> 00:56:02,339 BOOK -- ANDY WANTED TO GET THE BOOK OUT BEFORE CURIOSITY LANDED 1089 00:56:02,339 --> 00:56:05,600 ON MARS BECAUSE HE KNEW THINGS WOULD BE DISCOVERED AND INDEED 1090 00:56:05,600 --> 00:56:07,770 THEY HAVE. 1091 00:56:07,770 --> 00:56:11,390 WE NOW UNDERSTAND, WE LITERALLY SEE WATER WEEPING OUT OF 1092 00:56:11,390 --> 00:56:17,060 AQUIFERS DOWN THE SIDES OF OUR -- OF MANY OF THE CRATERS, 1093 00:56:17,060 --> 00:56:22,210 PARTICULARLY IN VALISMARINUS SO THERE ARE LOTS OF WATER PLACES 1094 00:56:22,210 --> 00:56:24,869 LEFT ON MARS. 1095 00:56:24,869 --> 00:56:31,990 SO MOXIE BRINGS IN CO 2 THROUGH AN ELECTROLYSIS, SO WE POP OFF 1096 00:56:31,990 --> 00:56:37,280 THE OXYGEN AND WE GET RID OF THE CARBON MONOXIDE. 1097 00:56:37,280 --> 00:56:38,890 BUT WE STORE THE OXYGEN. 1098 00:56:38,890 --> 00:56:41,360 WE DO THAT ALL DAY LONG. 1099 00:56:41,360 --> 00:56:43,250 YOU KNOW, AT VARIOUS TIMES. 1100 00:56:43,250 --> 00:56:44,250 WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT? 1101 00:56:44,250 --> 00:56:47,119 THE PRESSURE CHANGES ON MARS ARE ENORMOUS. 1102 00:56:47,119 --> 00:56:50,120 EVEN THOUGH THERE ARE SMALL PRESSURE CHANGES, HOW DOES THE 1103 00:56:50,120 --> 00:56:51,170 EXPERIMENT WORK? 1104 00:56:51,170 --> 00:56:56,280 THE TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON ONE DAY, IT'S ANYWHERE FROM 120 TO 1105 00:56:56,280 --> 00:56:59,339 140 DEGREES IN ONE DAY. 1106 00:56:59,339 --> 00:57:02,600 YOU KNOW, THE HIGH HERE IN D.C. 1107 00:57:02,600 --> 00:57:05,950 OVER A YEAR MIGHT BE A HUNDRED DEGREES IN VARIATION, BUT DO 1108 00:57:05,950 --> 00:57:07,950 THAT DAY AFTER DAY AFTER DAY. 1109 00:57:07,950 --> 00:57:12,839 THAT'S THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT THAT MARK WATNEY HAS TO TACKLE. 1110 00:57:12,839 --> 00:57:15,890 SO OUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MARS IS INCREASING SIGNIFICANTLY. 1111 00:57:15,890 --> 00:57:19,800 BUT ONE ASPECT OF THE BOOK THAT I REALLY ENJOYED SIGNIFICANTLY 1112 00:57:19,800 --> 00:57:23,150 IS ACTUALLY THE HUMAN ASPECT OF IT. 1113 00:57:23,150 --> 00:57:26,460 YOU KNOW, MARK WATNEY AT ONE POINT WHEN HE COMES BACK AND HE 1114 00:57:26,460 --> 00:57:30,970 GOES DOWN THE LIST OF WHAT'S GOING TO KILL HIM FIRST, HE 1115 00:57:30,970 --> 00:57:36,660 LOOKS VERY DEPRESSED AND IT'S ALL ABOUT HOW HE'LL DIE NEXT, 1116 00:57:36,660 --> 00:57:39,540 AND YOU SEE THAT SCIENCE PART THAT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1117 00:57:39,540 --> 00:57:42,170 PART OF HIS BRAIN KICKS IN. 1118 00:57:42,170 --> 00:57:45,720 THAT ALLOWS HIM TO START THE PROCESS OF BREAKING UP AN 1119 00:57:45,720 --> 00:57:47,540 ENORMOUS CHALLENGE INTO 1120 00:57:47,540 --> 00:57:52,530 BITE-SIZED CHUNKS INTO SOMETHING HE CAN TACKLE AND WIN AND GO ON 1121 00:57:52,530 --> 00:57:53,930 TO THE NEXT CHALLENGE. 1122 00:57:53,930 --> 00:57:57,339 WE SEE THAT EVERY DAY IN THE NASA CENTERS. 1123 00:57:57,339 --> 00:58:00,650 THIS IS SOMETHING THAT'S ENDEMIC TO WHAT WE HAVE AS PART OF OUR 1124 00:58:00,650 --> 00:58:01,869 CULTURE. 1125 00:58:01,869 --> 00:58:04,460 THIS IS WHAT'S GOING TO GET US TO MARS. 1126 00:58:04,460 --> 00:58:09,450 THE ABILITY TO THINK OUR WAY THROUGH SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 1127 00:58:09,450 --> 00:58:13,680 TO THE Nth DEGREE THAT WILL ENABLE US TO WORK AND LIVE IN 1128 00:58:13,680 --> 00:58:14,680 THE ENVIRONMENT. 1129 00:58:14,680 --> 00:58:17,100 THAT ALSO SPURS OUR ECONOMY. 1130 00:58:17,100 --> 00:58:21,560 THAT ALSO IS SUCH AN ESSENTIAL PART OF I BELIEVE THE AMERICAN 1131 00:58:21,560 --> 00:58:26,300 CULTURE THAT WE'RE ALONG FOR THE RIDE, ENJOY IT, BECAUSE IT WILL 1132 00:58:26,300 --> 00:58:27,770 BE PRETTY ASTOUNDING. 1133 00:58:27,770 --> 00:58:30,330 IT'S JUST RIGHT AROUND THE CORNER. 1134 00:58:30,330 --> 00:58:35,480 >> SO NOW I ASK EVERYONE TO YELL OR CLAP IN A SECOND. 1135 00:58:35,480 --> 00:58:40,710 VERY -- ASK EVERYONE TO EMBRACE YOUR INNER MARTIAN AND WE ARE ON 1136 00:58:40,710 --> 00:58:42,580 THE REAL LIFE JOURNEY TO MARS. 1137 00:58:42,580 --> 00:58:43,980 THANK YOU, NASA. 1138 00:58:43,980 --> 00:58:46,160 I WANT TO THANK OUR PANELISTS. 1139 00:58:46,160 --> 00:58:50,430 I'VE LEARNED A LOT. 1140 00:58:50,430 --> 00:58:56,210 [ APPLAUSE ] AND I'LL ASK IF WE CAN JUST STAY 1141 00:58:56,210 --> 00:58:59,170 HERE IN THE INTEREST OF TIME, THANKS FOR YOUR PATIENCE. 1142 00:58:59,170 --> 00:59:03,210 BUT WE WANT TO CELEBRATE AND HIGHLIGHT ONE OF OUR OWN, SO AS 1143 00:59:03,210 --> 00:59:04,210 MR. 1144 00:59:04,210 --> 00:59:07,440 BOLDEN MENTIONED WE ARE SHOWING VIDEOS OF REAL MARTIANS 1145 00:59:07,440 --> 00:59:08,790 SO NOW WE'LL SHOW YOU ONE. 1146 00:59:08,790 --> 00:59:11,470 THERE WILL BE NEW ONES EACH WEEK. 1147 00:59:11,470 --> 00:59:14,969 WITH THAT, LET'S SEE A REAL MARTIAN. 1148 00:59:14,969 --> 00:59:18,580 >> HI, I'M JENNIFER STERN. 1149 00:59:18,580 --> 00:59:29,130 JOIN ME AS WE JOURNEY TO MARS. 1150 00:59:29,130 --> 00:59:31,990 I WORK ON THE INSTRUMENT CALLED THE SAMPLE ANALYSIS AT MARS 1151 00:59:31,990 --> 00:59:34,760 INSTRUMENT SUITE ON THE CURIOSITY ROVER. 1152 00:59:34,760 --> 00:59:39,230 WHAT THAT DOES IS IT MEASURES THE SURFACE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF 1153 00:59:39,230 --> 00:59:40,230 MARS. 1154 00:59:40,230 --> 00:59:42,640 MY PARTICULAR INTEREST IS NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. 1155 00:59:42,640 --> 00:59:46,230 ONE REALLY COOL THING WE FOUND IS NITRATE. 1156 00:59:46,230 --> 00:59:49,600 IT'S A BIOLOGICALLY AND CHEMICALLY BASED COMPOUND. 1157 00:59:49,600 --> 00:59:55,440 IT CAN MAKE AMINO COMPOUNDS. 1158 00:59:55,440 --> 00:59:59,560 WORKING ON MARS AND THE CURIOSITY ROVER IS AWESOME 1159 00:59:59,560 --> 01:00:03,050 BECAUSE WE'RE MAKING THESE COMPLEX CHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS ON 1160 01:00:03,050 --> 01:00:05,030 THE SURFACE OF ANOTHER PLANET. 1161 01:00:05,030 --> 01:00:07,470 THESE ARE MEASUREMENTS THAT ARE DIFFICULT SOMETIMES TO EVEN MAKE 1162 01:00:07,470 --> 01:00:09,180 IN YOUR OWN LABORATORY.